(Chadmw) Ch. 1-7 Word Scramble

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(Chadmw) Ch. 1-7

(Willis) Chapters 1-7

Question	Answer
Historians	People who study and write about the human past
Archaeologist	A scientist who studies fossils & artifacts to learn how people lived long ago
Six Characteristics of Civilization	cities, governments, religion, social structure, writing and art
Civilization	a type of human society that cannot develop without a food surplus created by domesticated plants and animals
Artisans	Skilled workers who made metal products, cloth, or pottery
Domesticate	To tame animals and plants for human use
Irrigation	A method developed by the Mesopotamians for bringing water to a dry field to water crops
Hammurabi	The Mesopotamian king who created a collection of written laws called the “Code of Hammurabi.” His laws applied to everyone & covered most areas of daily life
Sargon	the king of the Akkadians who is given credit for building the world's first Empire
Emperor	ruler of an empire (a group of diverse territories or nations under the control of a single ruler)
Mesopotamian upper class	Kings & priests
Nebuchadnezzar	King of the Babylonians who led the rebellion that overthrew the Assyrians. He made Babylon one of the greatest cities of trade on earth & built the legendary Hanging Gardens to please his homesick wife
Trade	The practice of buying, selling, or bartering for items that has helped to spread ideas around the world
Caravan	A group of traveling merchants and animals
Dynasty	A line of rulers from the same family
Khufu	Pharaoh of ancient Egypt who built the Great Pyramid at Giza to help him make it to the afterlife
Nile Cataracts	The natural barrier that protected Egypt in the south
Menes	He is most remembered for uniting Upper & Lower Egypt around 3100 B.C., officially beginning Egyptian History & creating the first Egyptian dynasty
Prophet	A person who claims to be instructed by God to share God’s words
Deity	A god or goddess
Mummy	A body that has been embalmed and wrapped in linen
Hatshepsut	The first woman to become Pharaoh & rule Egypt in her own right. She was known for her peaceful reign,during which she expanded Egypt's economy through trade & rebuilt many of Egypt's great temples
Akhenaton	Originally known as Amenhotep IV, he changed his name to honor the god Aton. He declared that there was only one god, destabilizing Egypt in the process & nearly destroying it by neglecting his duties
Ramses II	One of Egypt's greatest Pharaohs who reigned for 66 years. He expanded Egypt's borders to their largest extent & started a massive building program for monuments & temples, including Abu Simbel
Rabbi	Jewish leader and teacher of the torah
Kosher	Food prepared according to Jewish dietary laws
Torah	The first five books of the Jewish Bible
Diaspora	The scattering of communities of Jews outside their homeland after the Babylonian captivity. This also refers to those communities of Jews who live outside of their homeland as a result of that event
Reincarnation	the belief in Hinduism that a person's soul is reborn
Caste System	Strict system of segregation based on social class. People are born into their Caste & cannot change it. Caste is considered to be earned through actions in previous lives & it determines their job, social group, & their marriages.
Guru	religious leader, teacher, & spiritual guide in Hinduism
Untouchable	In Hinduism, a person who is lowest in the caste system & considered to be dirty or unclean
Buddhism	A religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama. It taught the four noble truths, in which the way to find truth was to give up all desires. This religion also became popular because it rejected the Caste System and did not accept the idea of jati, or castes
Theocracy	A government headed by religious leaders
Asoka	He is considered to be India’s greatest ruler because even though he was a great warrior with many conquests, he eventually converted to Buddhism & dedicated his rule to peace, prosperity, & enlightenment
Mandate of Heaven	A political theory of ancient China that taught that those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source & maintained that right as long as they ruled justly. If they did not, the people had the right to overthrow them
The Rudder & Compass	These two Chinese inventions allowed the Chinese to travel further by sea for trade, enriching the empire
Silk Road	a series of dangerous trade routes between China & the Mediterranean Sea on which merchants traded very expensive luxury goods such as Silk, Tea, Spices, & Porcelain. It led to the exchange of culture & ideas between places like China, India, & Rome
Polis	The Greek word for city
Mythology	The collection of Myths about gods & heroes through which the Greeks expressed their religious beliefs
Tyrant	A person who takes power by force and who rules with absolute power & authority
Oligarchy	A government in which a small group of people holds power
Democracy	A government in which all citizens share in running the government
Athens	A city state in early Greece which developed into a democracy that was renowned for its culture. Its boys were given a well-rounded education that was designed to prepare them to be good citizens who pledged an oath to uphold the Constitution
Sparta	A city state in early Greece that focused mainly on training young boys to be brave soldiers. It was renowned for having the best
Xerxes	The son of Darius, this Persian king took the throne in 486 B.C. after the death of his father. He invaded Greece with the largest army ever assembled to seek revenge for his father’s defeat at Marathon, but was eventually defeated
Pericles	Athenian general & statesman who led Athens. He contributed greatly to Athens' political & cultural supremacy in Greece & was responsible for the construction of the Parthenon & the Peloponnesian War, which was successful until his death
River Valleys	Places that all early civilization depended on for survival because they were a source of water & rich soil where transportation was easy.
Archimedes	A Greek scientist of the Hellenistic Era who worked on solid geometry. He is known for saying “Give me a lever and a place to stand, and I will move the earth.”
Plato	A student of Socrates, he wrote the “Republic” in which he describes the ideal government headed by philosopher Kings. He believed in equal education & job opportunities for men & women.
Alexander the Great	The son of Philip II & student of Aristotle, he was a brilliant & courageous general. He conquered the Persian Empire, freeing the Greeks in Asia Minor & extending Greek & Macedonian rule across three continents, all by the age of 32
Philip II	The king of Macedonia who turned its army into a nearly unstoppable force. He loved Greek culture & planned to conquer Persia before his death. He was also the father of Alexander the Great
Homer	Greek poet and author of the epics the Iliad and the Odyssey, which are about the Trojan war & some of the soldiers’ return home
Herodotus	He is considered the "father of history," because he was the first real historian. He wrote the “History of the Persian Wars.”
Aristotle	student of Plato, he opened his own school called the Lyceum. He taught his students the "golden mean," which says that a person should do nothing in excess. He is also one of the most renowned thinkers in all of History
Drama	A Story told by actors who pretend to be the characters in the story (the source of most modern entertainment)
Delian League	Began as an alliance to protect the Greeks from Persia
Socrates	An Athenian sculptor & philosopher who was a critic of the Sophists. He believed in an absolute right & wrong & created the method of teaching through questioning called the “Socratic Method.” He was sentenced to death for his teachings
Hellenistic Era	A Period following the conquests of Alexander the Great when Greek language & Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek peoples of Southwest Asia & Northern India.

Created by: chadmw on 2011-12-08