micro exam III Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
innate (nonspecific) immunity | refers to defenses that are present at birth, always present and available to provide rapid response |
adaptive (specific) immunity | refers to defenses that involve specific recognition of a microbe once it has breached the innate immunity defenses |
formed elements | cells and cell fragments in blood |
granulocyte | leukocytes with large granules in their cytoplasm and can be seen under microscope |
neutrophil | granulocyte - granules stain pale lilac, also commonly called polymorphonuclear leukocytes or polymorphs, highly phagocytic and motile, active in inital stages of infection |
basophils | granules stain blue-purple, important in inflamation and allergy response, release histamine |
eosinophils | granules stain red-orange produce toxic proteins against certain parasites, such as helminths...keeps worms out |
dendritic cells | have long extensions, abundant on the epidermis, mucous membranes, the thymus and lymph nodes, destroy microbes by phagocytosis and to initiate adaptive immunity responses...classified with granulocytes |
agranulocyte | have granules in cytoplasm but the granules aren't visible under microscope |
monocytes | not actively phagocytic until they leave circulating blood, enter body tissues and mature in macrophages |
macrophages | dispose of worn out blood cells |
lymphocytes | agranular, include natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells, NK cells have the ability to kill a wide variety of infected body cenlls and certain tumor cells |
T cells & B cells | agranulocytes, not phagocytic but play a key role in adaptive immunity, occur in lymphatic system, T cells direct attack...B cells antibodies, NK cells will attack anything not part of you |
platelets | blood clot formation |
phagocytosis | greek word, "eat and cell", WBC's ingest microorganisms or other particles such as debris by a cell |
fixed macrophages aka histiocytes | found in the liver (kupffer's cells) lungs, nervous system, bronchial tubes, spleen |
wandering macrophages | roam the tissues and gather at sites of infection or inflammation |
chemotaxis | chemical attraction of phagocytes to microorganisms |
ingestion | plasma membrane of the phagocyte extends projections called pseudopods that engulf the microorganism |
phagosome | psuedopods meet and fuse, surrounding the microorganism with a sac |
phagolysosome | phagosome and lysosome membranes fuse to form a single larger structure |
parenteral route | establish entry by ways of puntures, wounds, bites, cuts, surgery |
ID 50 | virulence of a microbe is expressed...infectious dose for 50 |
potency of a toxin is often expressed as the | LD 50, lethal dose for 50% of the population |
means pathogens have of attaching themselves to host tissues at their portal of entry | adherence |
plasma protein formed by liver to form blood clots | coagulases |
bacterial enzymes that break down fibrin and digest blood clots formed by the body to isolate infection | kinases |
enzyme secreted by bacteria, streptococci, hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid, a type of polysaccharide that holds together certain cells of the body, like CT | hyalunronidase |
facilitates the spread of gas gangrene | collagenase |
antigenic variation | altering the surface antigens, so it will be unaffected by anitbodies |
siderophores | sequester iron |
toxigenicity | the capacity of microorganisms to produce toxins |
toxemia | presence of toxins in the blood |
antibodies that provide immunity to exotoxins | antitoxins |
released when gram negative bacteria die and their call walls undergo lysis, heat stable, | endotoxins |
inclusion bodies | granules found in the cytoplasm or nucleus of some infected cells...viral parts, nucleic acids or proteins |
substance produced by virus infected cells | interferons |
toxin produced by fungi | ergot |
neurotoxin produced by algae, such as Alexandrium | saxitoxin |
defenses present at birth, quick to respond | innate (nonspecific) immunity |
defenses that involve specific recognition of a microbe once it has breached the innate immunity defenses, slow to respond | adaptive (specific) immunity |
natural killer cells, T cells, B cells | lymphocytes |
ingestion of a microorganism or other debris by a cell | phagocytosis |
chemotaxis | chemical attraction of phagocytes to microorganisms |
residual body | indigestible waste discharged outside the cell by phagolysosome |
substances that cause vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels | kinins |
substances released by damaged cells,intensify the effects of histamine and kinins and help phagocytes move through capillary walls | prostaglandins |
small double stranded circular DNA molecules | plasmids |
Created by:
coryhagen
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