WGU Thinkwell Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
4 original facets to Scientific Inquiry | Quantitative Observation; Reasoning Deductively; Experimentation; Communicating Results; |
When were there ONLY qualitative observations recorded by scientists? | Before 1600's |
Santorio | 1rst quantitative (measure of medicine) |
Santorio's 1rst quantitative measurements | weight and temperature of "humors" |
Humors | Combination of fluids determines a persons's health |
Roger Bacon | Made process of obervation, hypothesis, experiment, seek independent verification of results, because ancient Greek Scientists (Aristotle) thought flies were formed spontaneously from rotten meat |
Francis Bacon | falsified spontaneous generation |
F. Bacon on Hypothesis | Must be fasifiable |
Central Organization | Created Among Scientist in 17th century for truth by experiment rather than authority |
Building Blocks of all organism structure and function | Cells |
emergent prooerties | novel set of properties for each individual level of organization |
closed systems (water cycle) | predictable path to their processes and completely contained |
open systems(living things) | less predictable paths to their processes and is not completely contained |
reductionist view | an attempt to understand the world we live in as a whole through a greater understanding of the observable components |
Subsystems of an Atom | Protons, Neutrons, Electrons |
creating a model | When new phenomenon is not understood it is useful to apply the known information (the evidence) to a conjectured explanation of how the phenomenon MIGHT work |
Extremely useful in creation of Hypothesis | Model |
Hypothesis | Guess about the outcome of the change to the systemof the phenomenon being studied |
Patterns emerging and Leading to new outcomes while providing a starting point | Evolving |
the outcome of the processes may always remain between boundaries and may even eventually settle to a particular outcome | equilibrium |
any sort of true representation of the phenomenon and truest representations will involve not just components, but also processes | relational diagram |
Scientific Inquiry includes both the studies of the: | world (observation) and investigation into processes |
Relational diagrams | reveal relationships of time, space, matter, and/or energy. |
spatial relationships | maps useful for determining the positions of components in a system, but reveal no information about process |
Class Diagrams | relate components and their processes |
flow chart | diagram showing energy relationships |
timeline | temporal relationships represents how a component changes with time |
state diagram | all of the components and their associated processes but arranges them into a time-oriented configuration that make it clear when each of the processes occur in relation to each other |
Darwin's Scientific Method | A systematic approach to answering a research question |
Darwin's Scientific Method Steps | observation, hypothesis, experiment, data, conclusion |
2000-200 B.C | Early Science |
A.D. 200-1200 | Age of Theology |
13th Century | Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas |
16th Century | Francis Bacon, Nicklaus Copernicus |
17th Century | Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Archbishop James Usher |
Aristotle | Earth, Air, Fire, Water |
Thomas Aquinas and Albertus Magnus | Natural truth=Nature; Revealed Truth=theology |
Roger Bacon | reject religous dogma and look at the world |
Francis Bacon | experimentalism is a way to verify and test all things |
Galileo Galilei | Copenicus: Earth is round and revolves around sun...punished for these beliefs |
Archbishop James Usher | Earth created in 4004 BC |
Catarophism | Earth's Landscape is shaped by global catatrophes |
Gradualism | Earth's geological features are a result of slow, continuous processes |
Charles Lyell | gradualism expanded into uniformitarianism |
geology | groundwork for Darwin's theory of evolution |
John Ray | fossils were remnants of once living organisms |
George Cuvier | catarophism |
James Hutton | gradualsim |
Characteristics indicating life | order, reproduction, growth, development, energy use, responce to environment and homeostasis |
Homeostasis | stable internal environment is maintained within the body |
Organisms maintain Homeostasis by | nutrients, wastes, temperature, immune system, reproductive cycles |
countercurrent exchange system | opposite flow of adjacent fluids in oreder to maximize rates of transfer between two fluid systems |
Set point violatin | triggers homeostatic responces in the body |
possitive feedback loop | effector elicts a responce to a stumulus with exaggerations to stimulus |
negative feedbacy look | effector elicts a response to a stimulus with removal of stimulus |
endotherms | organisms that regulater their temperature internally, while ectotherms though their environment |
3 major roles of digestive system | ingestion, digestion, absorption |
Ingestion | intake of food |
Digestion | breakdown of food |
Absorption | uptake of small molecules from the digestive system into the bloodstream |
Food travels | mouth-down esophagus, into the stomach, and through the small and large intestines before exiting the body |
Mouth | Ingestion begins: teeth grind, toungue move food around and compact into bolus, slivary glands secrete the saliva with salvary amylase |
Stomach | Swallowed food enters where it is stored and undergoes mechanical and chemical digestion. Lining liquifies the contents of the stomach by churning action |
Sphincter | ring shaped muscle which prevents food from backing into the esophagus...regulates passage of food to small intestine |
Small intestine | chemical digestion |
Large Intestinve | materical not digested completely in small intestine |
salivary amylase | breaks down smaller polysaccharides |
parietal cells | in stomach wall, kills bacteria |
chief cell | secrete pepsinogen |
Pepsin | breaks down proteins |
Parapodia | facilitates Gas Exchange in water |
More oxygen Rich...Air or Water | Air |
Animals with simple Body plans can rely on________to obtain oxygen and eliminate metabolic wastes | diffusion |
More complex organisms with multiple cell layers cannot use diffusion because___________________! | Diffusion occurs too slow to enable an efficient transfer of molecules over several layers. |
Also reffered to as respiration | Gas exchange |
Warms and freshens the air as it enters the lungs | The nose |
trachea | covered with cartilaginous rings, and serves as a passagway to the lungs |
Bronchi | branches from trachea and branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles |
alveoli | air sacs at the end of bronchioles |
Alveoli are covered with_____ and serve as the site for_______ | Capillaries and transferring oxygen to the blood |
Mammal lungs operate as a | negative pressure system |
epiglottis | flap of tissure that prevents food from entering the trachea |
daphragm | works with rib muscles to expand the lungs during inhalation, and during exhalation makes the lungs cavity smaller (forcing air out) |
Center of Circulatory System | Heart |
Veins | carry blood to the heart |
arteries | cary blood AWAY from the heart |
Right Atrium | deoxygenated blood enters the heart here |
Right ventricle | contractions send deoxigenated blood from the right atrium through here |
Pumonary arteries | contractions send deoxigenated blood from the right atrium TO here then to the lungs |
Oxygenated blood enters the heart from the the lungs into the | Left atrium |
oxygenated blood is pumped from the left atrium into the | left ventricle |
oxygenated blood is pumped through here then off to tissues in the body | Aorta |
Superior Vena Cava and inferior vena cava | deliver deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart |
Main function of excretory system | get rid of metabloic waste |
contents of excretory system | skin, lungs, liver, urogenital system |
Skin's performance in excretory system | remove water, salt urea, through sweat glands |
Lungs function in excretory system | excrete CO2 and H2O |
Liver function in excretory system | produce urea |
Urogenital System function in excretory system | filter, store, and remove wastes |
Kidneys | filter blood to produce urine |
Travels down the ureter into the bladder | filtrate from kidney |
flitrate exits the body through | the uretha |
Many small filtration units that make up a kidney | nephron |
nephron consists of | one long tubule an assosiated capillaries |
Nervous system 2 main parts | brain and spinal cord |
Peripheral Nervous System | sensory (input) and Motor (output) |
Neuron components | cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, terminal branches, synaptic branches |
2 major components of the nervous system are | central nervous system, peripher nervous system |
central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
perpheral nervouse system | sensory and motor nerves |
A neurons structure reflects | it's structure |
Neurons 3 major classes are | sensory, interneurons, and motor |
sensory | recieve signals from environment. Sences light, pressure, presence of chemicals |
interneurons | link sensory and motor, sends impulses to different locations |
motor | convey messages from central nervous system to effectors |
effectors | the muscle that carries out messages |
reflex | any quick automatic response to a stimulus |
Functions of Human Brain | sensory interpretation, reflex actions, thought, coordination, memory, emotions, and linkage to other organ systems |
3 major parts of the human brain | cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum |
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain | Parts of human brain stem |
diencephalon | thalamus and hypothalamus |
thalamus and hypothalamus | control hunger, thirst, sexual response, and pleasure links to the endocrine system |
cerebellum | responsible for coordination and control |
cerebrum | associated with intellect |
lobes of cerebrum | speech, senses, vision, hearing |
limbic system | primitive part of brain |
5 major sensory receptors | thermoreceptors, electoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors |
cells that convert stimuli into a change | sensory receptors |
taxonomy | catagorizing the world |
species | label of a particular type of organism |
Carolus linneaus | created current naming system |
genus | general term used to group living things |
Linaean classification system | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
How many kingdoms are there? | 5 (monera, protista, plants, animals, fungi) |
Monera | 1 celled prokaryotes |
Protista | 1 celled eukaryotes |
plants | multicellular organisms that are photosynthetic |
Animals | multicellular organisms take food in |
Fungi | muticellular organisms that absorb food |
Photosynthesis | process of conberting carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight into glucose adn oxygen |
What plant cell organelle does photosynthesis occur in? | chloroplast |
3 stages to series of reactions that comprise photosynthesis | absorption of sunlight, light reactions, and dark reactions |
Chloroplasts | double membrane organelles within certain |
Stroma | space inside the inner membrane c |
thylakoids | saxk of membranous discs in the stoma |
granum (granna) | stack(s) of thlakoids |
Light reaction of photosynthesis occur where? | thylakoid membranes |
dark reactions of photosynthesis occur where? | between the membranes (thylakoid space) |
phosystems | pigment containing complexes able to absorb energy from sunlight |
Chlorophyll | chemical compound within the photosystems that had the ability to store sunlight energy |
Ultimate source of energy for photosynthesis | SUNLIGHT |
ATP | hchemical reaction forming anoter energy when hydrogen idons exit through a protein in the thylkoid membrane |
Microbes | bacteria and viruses |
alive | bacteria |
single celled living organisms | Bacteria |
prokaryotes | Bacteria |
Created by:
Christinaboyd
Popular Science sets