| Question |
Answer |
| A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is | osteoporosis |
| A major difference between bone tissue and other connective tissues lies in | The composition of the intercellular substance of bone |
| the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true | All bone in the body is covered by periosteum |
| the following factors is NOT believed to affect bone growth | Increased intake of protein |
| During fetal development intramembranous ossification takes place in | connective tissue membranes |
| Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone | calcitonin |
| Endochondral and intramembranous are terms that are used to describe | the development of bone |
| Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of | a cartilage model. |
| the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system | Hormone production |
| increasing the proportion of organic molecules to inorganic components in the bony matrix affect the physical characteristics of bone | The bones would be more flexible. |
| Long bones differ from flat bones in that long bones | have epiphyses |
| The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of | yellow marrow |
| The cells that maintain mature compact bone are | osteocytes. |
| The lacunae of bone contain | osteocytes |
| The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to | endochondral ossification |
| The two types of osseous tissue are | compact bone and spongy bone. |
| When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones | grow longer |
| When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone | long bones have reached their adult length |
| Intramembranous ossification | begins within a connective tissue membrane |
| A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the | diaphysis. |
| Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as | interstitial growth. |
| Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through | canaliculi. |
| Spongy bone contains all of the following except | true osteons. |
| The bones in the long axis of the body make up the | axial skeleton. |
| the following is a canal-like passageway | meatus |
| the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness | It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it. |
| the following structures is made of elastic cartilage | the epiglottis |
| The menisci of the knee are made of | fibrocartilage. |
| the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage | Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage. |
| bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull. | Sesamoid |
| All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones except | vitamin D. |
| A narrow slit-like opening in a bone is referred to as a | spine |
| the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone | perforating |
| the following is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult | the sternum |
| Bone forming cells originate from | osteoprogenitor cells. |
| A Haversian system is the functional unit of | lamellar bone. |
| The twisting of a long bone is prevented by | circumferential lamella |
| It is currently thought that sacrificial bonds between_______ provide resilience to bone tissue. | collagen molecules |
| Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of | calcium and phosphates |
| 65% of bone mass is composed of | hydroxyapatites. |
| In the human embryo, before eight weeks the skeleton is composed of | fibrous membrane |
| type of bone only has primary ossification centers | short bones |
| In month three of endochondral ossification, the first structure to be formed is a collection of elements known as the ____________ that invades the bone cavities present at this time. | periosteal bud |
| Every week we recycle _____ of our bone mass. | 5% |
| the following statements about osteoclasts is incorrect | Osteoclasts only reabsorb old bone matrix. |
| the following hormones' primary function is to regulate bone density | leptin |
| If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what is the most likely disease to develop in the nursing infant?\\ | ricket |
| the following fractures would be the most likely not to heal | a comminuted fracture |
| alendronate help treat osteoporosis | It suppresses osteoclast activity. |
| All bones of the skeleton below the base of the skull are developed by endochondral ossification except the | clavicle |
| A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is osteomyelitis. | False |
| Collagen in the bone matrix provides flexible strength | True |
| Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a calcified model. | False |
| Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in gigantism. | True |
| Mature bone cells are called chondrocytes | False |
| Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblast activity. | False |
| Scapulae are formed by intramembranous ossification | False |
| Secondary ossification centers occur in the center of the diaphysis. | False |
| The central canal of an osteon contains osteocytes. | False |
| The hormone calcitonin functions to decrease the calcium ion in the blood. | True |
| The most abundant mineral in the human body is calcium. | True |
| The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates that long bone growth is still in process. | False |
| The shaft of the long bone is called the diaphysis. | True |
| The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from a limited range of directions is compact bone. | True |
| Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of the organic framework of bone. | False |
| Osseous tissue is avascular. | False |
| Appositional growth in a skeletal cartilage will increase its overall length. | False |
| A metacarpal is an example of a long bone | True |
| An increase in parathyroid hormone can cause bones to become porous and brittle. | True |
| Increasing the percentage of collagen in a bone would make it become more rigid. | False |
