A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is
osteoporosis
A major difference between bone tissue and other connective tissues lies in
The composition of the intercellular substance of bone
the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true
All bone in the body is covered by periosteum
the following factors is NOT believed to affect bone growth
Increased intake of protein
During fetal development intramembranous ossification takes place in
connective tissue membranes
Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
calcitonin
Endochondral and intramembranous are terms that are used to describe
the development of bone
Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of
a cartilage model.
the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system
Hormone production
increasing the proportion of organic molecules to inorganic components in the bony matrix affect the physical characteristics of bone
The bones would be more flexible.
Long bones differ from flat bones in that long bones
have epiphyses
The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of
yellow marrow
The cells that maintain mature compact bone are
osteocytes.
The lacunae of bone contain
osteocytes
The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to
endochondral ossification
The two types of osseous tissue are
compact bone and spongy bone.
When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones
grow longer
When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone
long bones have reached their adult length
Intramembranous ossification
begins within a connective tissue membrane
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the
diaphysis.
Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as
interstitial growth.
Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through
canaliculi.
Spongy bone contains all of the following except
true osteons.
The bones in the long axis of the body make up the
axial skeleton.
the following is a canal-like passageway
meatus
the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness
It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it.
the following structures is made of elastic cartilage
the epiglottis
The menisci of the knee are made of
fibrocartilage.
the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage
Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage.
bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull.
Sesamoid
All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones except
vitamin D.
A narrow slit-like opening in a bone is referred to as a
spine
the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone
perforating
the following is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult
the sternum
Bone forming cells originate from
osteoprogenitor cells.
A Haversian system is the functional unit of
lamellar bone.
The twisting of a long bone is prevented by
circumferential lamella
It is currently thought that sacrificial bonds between_______ provide resilience to bone tissue.
collagen molecules
Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of
calcium and phosphates
65% of bone mass is composed of
hydroxyapatites.
In the human embryo, before eight weeks the skeleton is composed of
fibrous membrane
type of bone only has primary ossification centers
short bones
In month three of endochondral ossification, the first structure to be formed is a collection of elements known as the ____________ that invades the bone cavities present at this time.
periosteal bud
Every week we recycle _____ of our bone mass.
5%
the following statements about osteoclasts is incorrect
Osteoclasts only reabsorb old bone matrix.
the following hormones' primary function is to regulate bone density
leptin
If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what is the most likely disease to develop in the nursing infant?\\
ricket
the following fractures would be the most likely not to heal
a comminuted fracture
alendronate help treat osteoporosis
It suppresses osteoclast activity.
All bones of the skeleton below the base of the skull are developed by endochondral ossification except the
clavicle
A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is osteomyelitis.
False
Collagen in the bone matrix provides flexible strength
True
Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a calcified model.
False
Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in gigantism.
HHS Shrek
