DH Path Exam 1 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Disease caused by a healthcare worker | Iatrogenic |
what is the scientific study of disease | Pathology |
Unknown cause | Idiopathic |
'5' Clinical signs of Inflammation | Redness, Heat Pain, Swelling loss of normal tissue functiom |
Systemic signs of Inflammation | Fever- pyrogen production Leukocytosis- more WBC in blood Lymphadenopathy- Hyperplasia & Hypertropy of Lymphocytes |
4 stages of Mitosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase P M A T |
A complete 2nd set of chromosomes (92) incompatible with life | Euploid |
Larger than normal, extra segment is identical to a segment of the normal chromosome | Duplication |
Aneuploid | and extra number, but isn't an exact multiple of chromosomes |
The observable appearance of an individual | Phenotype |
Identical Allelic Genes(genes located same level/same function) | Homozygote i.e. Blood type AA |
Different Allelic Genes | Heterozygote |
The pathological wearing away of tooth structure from repetitive mechanical habit | Abrasion |
Wedge shaped lesion cervical areas of tooth weakened/fatigued structure=susceptibility | Abfraction |
70-75% of defense pool, major antibody in the blood serum Initial Defense, (Fetal-1st passive immunity)) | IgG (Immunoglobin or antibodies) |
Defends body fluids from microorganisms | IgA (Immunoglobin) |
Activation of B lymphocytes (along w/ IgD) involved in early immune response | IgM |
Activates of B lymphocytes | IgD |
Involved in hypersensitivity reactions- release histamines | IgE |
level of a specific antibody | Antibody Titer |
link between inflammatory & immune response, act as antigen presenting cells, amplifies the immune response phagocytosis does NOT have Memory | Macrophages |
develop from bone marrow stem cells, reside in lymphoid tissue. Produces plasma cells and B memory cells. | B lymphocytes |
Pin wheel shaped nucleus, visible cytoplasm. Produces antibody proteins or Immunoglobulins | Plasma Cells |
develop from bone marrow stem cells, mature in the Thymus. Memory Cells, T-helper cell (T4 marker, T-Cytotoxic cells (viral surveillance) & T supressor cells (turn off B lymphocites) T8 marker | T lymphocytes Cell Mediated Immunity |
'B' Lymphocytes primary role and the production of Antibodies | Humoral Immunity |
'T' Lymphocytes assisted by macrophages are the predominant role in: | (CMI) Cell Mediated Immunity |
Type I hypersensitivity | occurs within minutes IgE--> histamine release constricts smooth muscle in lungs swelling edema i.e. asthma, hay fever, anaphylaxis |
IgG and IgM antibodies combine with antigen. Tissue destruction where antigen is present | Type II hypersensitivity i.e. incompatible blood transfusions |
Immune complexes formed (microorganisms+antibody) deposit in circulation, Acute inflammatory response. neutrophils->phagocytosis-> lysosomal enzymes->Tissue destruction | Type III hypersensitivity (Auto Immune disease) |
Delayed hypersensitivity, Cell Mediated Immunity | Type IV hypersensitivity (i.e. Tuberculosis Dx, Organ Transplant rejection) |
What is Uticaria? | Hives, multiple well demarcated swelling w/ Itching |
Arthritis, Urethritis, Conjuctivitis Antigenic marker HLA-B27 Men 10:1 Oral ulcers & tongue depapillation. lower extremities affected (knees ankles) | Reiter Syndrome aka Reactive arthritis |
Histocytosis X Letter-Siwe disease- Hand Schuller Christian disease Eosinophilic Granuloma of bone | Langerhans Cell Disease Langerhans cell present (type of macrophage) |
Acute, rapid, children under 3yrs can be fatal, oral manifestations rare | Letter-Siwe disease (Langerhans) |
Chronic, multifocal, children under 5yrs 'punched out' skull radiolucencies mimics advanced perio disease | Hand Schuller Christian disease (Langerhans disease) |
Chronic. localized older children,young adults skull & mandible commonly involved eosinophilic granuloma males affected 2x as much | Solitary Eosinphilic Granuloma of the Bone (Langerhans) |
Combination of dry mouth and dry eyes | Sicca Syndrome |
Auto-immune, Just sicca=Primary w another auto immune disease= Secondary bilateral enlarged parotid glands Sicca and Raynaud's Syndrome (fingers and toe circulation) 90% positive reaction to Rheumatoid factor | Sjogren Syndrome |
85% sin lesions (butterfly rash) Oral Lesions 25%, Raynaund 15% arthritis, arthralgis, kidneys possible sjorgen's present (bloodwork before dental work may need to pre-med) | SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematous |
confined to skin & mucous membranes mildest form: | DLE Discoid Lupus Erythematous |
Severe, progressive auto-immune disease affecting skin and mucous membranes.50% 1st sign in oral cavity Nikolsky's sign: gentle pressure on mucosa form bulla Epithelial cell destruction | Pemphigus Vulgaris mortality now 8-10% Corticosteroids |
Acantholytic or Tzanck cells- | detached epithelial cells (rounded appearance)biopsy to confirm |
Cicatrical Pemphigoid aka(benign) Mucous membrane pemphigoid | Gingiva-most common site affects oral & genital mucosa, skin, conjuctiva Cicatrical- 'healing w/ scarring' severe eye lesions may occur desquamative gingivitis. Nikolsky's sign hard to control. corticosteroids periods of exacerberation-> remission |
60yrs + lesions more extensive, painful anti-inflammatory, corticosteroids | Bullous Pemphigoid |
Chronic, recurrent, autoimmune disease. Avg age 30yrs, must have 2 of 3 lesions present Oral, Genital, Eye lesions, (Skin) | Behcet Syndrome |
60-70% of entire WBC population 1st wbc recruited by chemotaxis Main Function: Phagocytosis | Neutrophils (PMN) |
3-8% of entire wbc pop. 2nd to injury site longer lifespan than neutrophil function: phagocytosis, and immune response | Monocyte becomes MACROPHAGE |
Non specific response to injury, occurs in the same manner regardless of the nature of the injury | Inflammation |
Arterioles, capillaries, venules | (MC) Microcirculation Constricts than Dilates during inflammation |
Salivary gland stone formed by calcium salts around a central core (major and minor glands) | Sialolith |
Unilateral 'frog-pouch' mucocele-like lesion sublingual and submandibular glands duct obstruction likely cause | Ranula |
Radicular or Periapical cyst | True cyst (lined w/ epithelium) most commonly occuring oral cyst epi rest of Malassez proliferation usually asymptomatic |
Alveolar Osteitis | 'Dry Socket' lost blood clot after tooth extraction bone surface exposed. Painful, but no inflammation because no infection exists |
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) | most common abnormality in humans fissured/pebbly tongue, Macroglossia w/ protrusion, High arch palate, Enamel hypoplasia, microdontia, >90% Perio disease |
Trisomy 13 | 70% live to 7mos only Bilateral cleft lip and palate small/No eyes micro/anophthalmia, supernumerary digits |
Missing an 'X' chromosome short,neck webbing, hands &feet edema, broad chest, genital underdeveloped, lack the 'Barr bodies' | Turner Syndrome |
XXY, male phenotype Taller, wide hips, female pubic hair, >50% breasts Maxilla slighty hypoplastic, detected after puberty 1 barr body for each extra x | Klinefelter Syndrome |
Caused by deletions on the short arm of CH5 Mental retardation, (No Oral abnormalities) 'catlike cry' | Cri du Chat Syndrome |
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome | Deletion on CH4 Cleft Palate IQ > 30 |
Autosomal(non-sex chromosomes) dominant,cyclic decrease in Neutrophils 21-27dys intervals, lasting 2-3dys, Oral ulcers G-CSF Tx | Cyclic neutropenia Chronic= Kotsmann Syndrome |
Autosomal Recessice Inheritance Periodontal destruction, perm. tooth loss before age 14, Palmer & Plantar hyperkeratosis (retinoid Tx) | Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome |
Gingival Hyperkeratosis | band-like, few mm in width, Free gingiva not affected |
Gingival Hypertrophy, Very firm, corrugated, paler, lips may protrude | Gingival Fibromatosis |
Laband Syndrome | Gingival Fibromatosis, nail loss,malformed nose & ears, enlarged liver & spleen, fingers/toes frog-like appearance |
'Soap bubble' radiographic jaw appearance, eyes far apart, delayed eruption=pseudoanodontia Fibrous CT | Cherubism |
Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome | affects dwarfs, Polydactyl, toenails missing, 50% heart defects, and present natal teeth, no anterior Max. Vestibule, Conical tooth shape |
> size of mand. teeth, supernumerary teeth,missing/minimal clavicles skull defects, open fontanelles | Cleidocranial Dysplasia |
Gardner Syndrome | Osteomas (jaw,skull,long bones) and Odontaomas, Intestinal Polyps become malignant age 30+ |
Mandibulofacial Dysostosis (Assoc. w/ Treacher's Collins Syndrome) | 'fish-like' commisures Deafness Hypoplastic mandible, Open bite, 30% high palate or cleft |
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin Syndrome) | wide spaced eyes, Jaw cysts, basal cell carcinomas,Nevi: pigmented skin lesions |
Osteogenesis Imperfecta | 30% W/ Family Hx, brittle bones Dentinogenesis imperfecta (dentin can't suppoprt enamel) 80% Primary teeth affected. 35% Permanent |
Tori | Mandibular: rare before age 15 smooth or lobulated Palate: mucosa thin, trauma easy 2:1 women > Native Americans Rare younger than 14yrs |
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome | Collagen & CT defect, very elastic, joint hypermobility |
Cleft palate/lip | 1 in 800 births cogenital lip pits midline of lower lip vermillion border |
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia | Serious Nosebleeds (Note in DX Tx) Pinpoint/spider-like red lesions lips,eyelids,nose Tip Anterior Dorsom tongue |
Multiple Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome MEN2 B | Thyroid Carcinoma 75%, early Dx can become malignant oral neuromas, tip of tongue Pt: tall, large thick lips, everted eyelids |
Von Recklinghausen Disease | Neurofibromatosis of CNS, eyelids, nasoloabial fold (hearing/visual) Cafe au lait 105 Oral involvment |
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | 98% lip & buccal mucosa lesions multiple melanin macules skin and mucosa, diminish w age GI Polyposis (rarely malignant) |
White Sponge Nevus | birth or after puberty white, corrugated, soft mucosa Always the buccal, never free gingiva, usually bilateral Keratin desquamates- raw mucosa |
Amolgenesis Imperfecta 4 TYPES | HYPO:(1)Plastic-irregular thickness,pitted(2)Calcified,yelloworange,chips easily-openbite? 3)Maturation-i.e. snowcap,soft enamel (4)Plastic-Maturation- yellow,brown pitted ALL teeth, Severe Sensitivity |
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta | most common AKA Hereditary Opalescent Dentin dentin soft (restorations fail), enamel chips-Attrition, NO PULP CHAMBERS, Roots are short blunt |
Dentin Dysplasia Type I RADICULAR | Normal crowns, Short roots-early exfoliation. half moon pulp chamber appearance. Disturbance in Hertwig's epi root sheath |
Dentin Dysplasia Type II CORONAL | pulp stones, Translucent/amber primary teeth Permanent: Normal crown/color, small roots no pulp chambers shown radiographically |
Hypohydrotic ectodermal Dysplasia | X linked recessive less hair,sweat hypo or anodontia, alveolar ridge-only if teeth present no minor salivary glands or respiratory tract mucosa soft,dry skin incisors,canines small conical |
Hypophosphatasia | decrease in serum alkaline phosphates (calcifies bone and cementum) bow-legged, fractures no pdl, spontaneous loss of primary teeth |
Hypophosphatemic Vitamin D resistant rickets | Large pulp chambers, gingival abscesses, pulpal disease, Dentin cracks, bowlegged low phosphorous serum levels |
Pegged/Absent Max. Laterals | primary and Secondary dentition 1-3% white 7% Asian Premolars missing 10-20% |
Taurodontism | Large, Pyramid Molars Large Pulp chambers, furcations, freq found in Klinefelter (XXY) Syndrome |
Giant Cell Granuloma | CENTRAL_Within bone, multi-nucleated giant cells only in jaw PERIPHERAL- Outside bone, Dk red, on gingiva or alveolar mucosa |
Pyogenic Granuloma | No pus, response to injury pregnant, teenagers, young adults |
Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis | Granulation tissue fill caries void |
Increased dilation of blood vessels | Kinin System |
c-Reactive protein | produced in liver acute & chronic > 10mg is high |
Parenteral | Injection |
Serum sickness Drug Hypersensitivity | Type III allergy i.e. horse anti-toxin (no longer done) for immunity penicillin, barbituates |
Lichen Planus | 1% pop almost always bilateral Wickham's Striae benign, chronic skin(lumbar), oral mucosa (buccal) desquamative gingivitis basal cell layer degeneration |
Dental or Periapical granuloma | painful, localized slightly extruded from socket opening in pulp canal (apex usually) thickened PDL (slight) |
Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis aka condensing osteomitis | change in bone, near apex (usually Mand 1st Molar) usually reaction to infection, asymptomatic, no tx |
Created by:
michelleleigh33
Popular Dentistry sets