cheriepsychology Word Scramble

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cheriepsychology

chapter 15

Question	Answer
Social Psychology	The branch of psychology that studies our social nature- how the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other influences our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
social cognition	the processes involved in perceiving, interpreting, and acting on social information
impression formation	the way in which we integrate information about another's traits into a coherent sense of who the person is
schema	a mental framework or body of knowledge that organizes and synthesizes information about a person, place, or thing
central traits	personality attributes that organize and influence the interpretation of other traits
primary effect	the tendency to form impressions of people based on the first information we receive about them
self-concept	self-identity. ones knowledge, feelings, and ideas about oneself
self	a person's distinct individuality
self-schema	a mental framework that represents and synthesizes information about oneself; a cognitive structure that organizes the knowledge, feelings, and ideas that constitute the self- concept
cross-cultural psychology	a branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior
attribution	the process by which people infer the cause of other people's behavior
external factors	people, events, and other stimuli in an individual's environment that can affect his or her thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors
internal factors	an individual's traits, needs, and intentions, which can affect his or her thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors
consensual behavior	behavior that is shared by many people; behaviors that is similar from one person to the next. to the extent that people engage in the same behavior, their behavior is consensual
distinctiveness	the extent to which a person behaves differently toward different people, events, or other stimuli
consistency	the extent to which a person's behavior is consistent across time toward another person, and event, or a stimulus
fundamental attribution error	the tendency to overestimate the significance of internal factors and underestimate the significance of external factors explaining other people's behavior
belief in a just world	the belief that people get what they deserve in life; a fundamental attribution error
actor-observer effect	the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external factors but others to internal factors
self-serving bias	the tendency to attribute our accomplishments and successes to internal causes and our failure and mistakes to external causes
false consensus	the tendency of a person to perceive his or her own response as a representation of a general consensus
representativeness heuristic	a general rule for decisions making by which people classify a person, place, or thing into the category to which it appears to be the most similar
base-rate fallacy	the failure to consider the likelihood that a person, place, or this is a member of a particular category based on the basis of mathematical probabilities
availability heuristic	a general rule for decisions making by which a person judges the likelihood of importance of and event by ease with which examples of that event come to mind
attitude	an evaluator of persons, places, or things
mere exposure effect	the formation of a positive attitude toward a person, place, or thing based solely on repeated exposure to that person, place, or thing.
elaboration likelihood model	a model that explains the effectiveness of persuasion. The central route requires the person to think critically about an argument and the peripheral route entails the association of the argument with something positive
cognitive dissonance theory	the theory that changes in attitude can be motivated by an unpleasant state of tension caused by a disparity between a person's beliefs or attitudes and his or her behaviour
compliance	engaging in particular behavior at another person's request
self-perception theory	the theory that we come to understand our attitudes and emotions by observing our own behavior and the circumstances under which it occurs
prejudice	a preconcieved opinion or bias; especially, a negative attitude or evaluation toward a group of people defined by their racial, ethnic, or religious heritage or by their gender, occupation, sexual orientation, level of education, place of residence
stereotype	an overgeneralized and false belief about the characteristics of members of a particular group
discrimination	the differential treatment of people based on their membership in a particular group
illusory correlation	an apparent correlation between two distinctive elements that does not actually exist
illusion of out group homogeneity	a belief that members of group to which one does not belong are very similar to one another
stereotype self-fulfilling prophecy	a stereotype-based expectancy that causes a person to act in a manner consistent with the stereotype
group	a collection of individuals who generally have common interests and goals
social norms	informal rules defining the expected and appropriate behavior in specific situations
conformity	the adoption of attitudes and behaviors shared by a particular group of people
bystander intervention	the intervention of person in situation that appears to require his or her aid
diffusion of responsibility	an explanation of the failure of bystander intervention stating that when several bystanders are present, no one persons assumes responsibility for helping
social facilitation	the enhancement of task performance caused by the mere presence of others
social loafing	the decreased effort put forth by individuals when performing a task with other people
group polarization	the tendency for initial position of a group to become exaggerated during the discussion preceding a a decision
groupthink	the tendency to avoid dissent in the attempt to achieve group consensus in the course of decision making
meta-analysis	a statistical procedure by which the results of many studies are combined to estimate the magnitude of a particular effect
interpersonal attraction	people's tendency to approach each other and to evaluate each other positivity
liking	a feeling of personal regard, intimacy, esteem toward another person
loving	a combination of liking and a deep sense of attachment to intimacy with, and caring for another person
passionate	an emotional, intense desire for sexual union with another person; also called romantic love
companionate love	love that is characterized by a deep, enduring affection and caring for another person, accompanied by a strong desire to maintain the relationship

Created by:

Cherie Ramsay on 2010-04-06