Session 2 CM pulm11 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
If you have increased compliance but decreased elasticity what type of lung disease do you have | obstructive lung disease. Take long to force air out of the lungs |
What will you see in residual volume in obstructive disease | you will have an increase in residual volume |
What do you see in FEV1 and FVC, and FEV1/FVC in obstructive lung disease | FEV1 will be decreased FVC will be decreased FEV!/FVC will be less than normal (42%) |
What are some common obstructive lung diseases | COPD, Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, Asthma, and Bronchiectasis |
lung disease where you have decreased TLC, (decreased lung compliance), Increased lung elasticity and decreased residual volume | Restrictive lung disease |
Diffuse, chronic involvement of pulmonary interstitial tissue and fibrosis | restrictive lung disease |
What will you see in restricive airway disease in FEV!, FVC, FEV!/FVC | FEV1 will be lower FVC will be lower FEV!/FVC will he increased to about 90% |
What are the clinical s/sx of restrictive lung disease | dyspnea tachypnea cyanosis hypoxemia chest x-ray- diffuse infiltration "ground Glass" |
What are common restricitve lung diseases | pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
What is pneumoconiosis | occupational disease where inhalation of materials predisposes lungs to damage. |
How does pneumoconiosis develop | inhaled particles agravate lung and cause alveolar macrophages to migrate and start to secrete mediators that injure parenchymal cells stimulates interstitial edema, and infalmmation response leading to interstitial fibrosis |
What is disease coal worker is likely to present with | coal workers pneumoconiosis "BLACK lung disease" |
Where are you most likely going to see the nodules associated with coal workers pneumoconiosis | in the upper lobes progresses to massive fibrosis and blackened scars |
what is anthracosis | 1-2 mm nodules seen in coal workers pneumoconiosis which are carbon-laden macrophages. Lesions are scattered throughout the lung but especially in upper lobes |
what is it called when a patient has coal workers pneumoconiosis and rheumatoid arthritis | Caplan's Syndrome |
What is the tx for pneumoconiosis | relieve respiratory symptoms, manage hypoxia and cor pulmonale. Avoid respiratory tract irritants and infections Monitor carefully for TB |
What can you order to help respiratory symtpoms of patient with pneumoconiosis | bronchodilator therapy with theophylline or aminophylline Oral or inhaled sympathomimetics, corticosteroids or cromolyn sodium aerosol |
What is the most prevalent occupational disease world wide | pneumoconiosis |
what is the pneumoconiosis called when it is from inhalation of crystalline silicon dioxide. | silicosis |
is there an association with silicosis and developing lung cancer | no |
How does silicosis typically present | presents as a slow progressing nodular fibrosing pneumoconiosis of the UPPER LUNGS |
where is silicosis common | sandblasting, crushing stones, quartz and iron-containing ore mining |
Pneumoconiosis from inhaling asbestos fibers | asbestosis |
Who is most likely to develop asbestosis | people working on brake linings, cement pipes and insulation materials (especially from awhile ago) |
what are the 2 types of asbestos | serpentine-curly felixble fibers amphiboles- straight stiff, brittle fibers that can be delivered into the lungs |
What are the s/sx of asbestosis | dyspnea with productive cough. Generally appears >10yrs later Chest x-rays reveal irregular linear densities in both lower lobes and mid thoracic pleural plaque formation Pleural Plaques |
What are asbestos bodies | golden brown beaded rods with a translucent center. macrophages attempt to phagocytize asbestos fibers and coat the fibers with iron protein complexes |
if a person has exposure to asbestos and is a smoker what are they more likely to develop lung cancer or mesothelioma | bronchogenic carcinoma lung cancer |
if a person has exposure to asbestos and is a NON-smoker what are they more likely to develop lung cancer or mesothelioma | mesothelioma |
if your patient works in the nuclear or aerospace industry they have the highest exposure and risk of developing what type of occupational lung disease | berylliosis |
If a person has prolonged exposure to metallic beryllium fumes what are they at risk for developing | non-caseating granulomatous lesions and hilar adenopathy similar to sarcoidosis also lung cancer |
immune mediated, interstitial lung disease caused by exposure to inhaled antigens | hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
why do you need to recognize hypersensitivity pneumonitis early on | you can't prevent development of serious chronic fibrosis by removing exposure to the environmental agent |
what are the most common causes of hypersensitivity pneomonitis | inhaling spores, fungi, animal proteins, or bacterial products |
How long after exposure does a person typically develop symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis | 4-6 hours |
What are some common hypersensitivity pneumonitis conditions | farmer's lung silo filler's disease bird fancier's disease |
What is the hypersensitivity generally developed in textile industry | byssinosis "brown lung disease"- from exposure to endotoxins from gram negative bacteria that grow on the cotton fiber the worker inhales |
what is the deadly hypersensitivity pneumonitis that develops after inhaling water droplets containing bacteria. Generally grows in Air Conditioners | Legionnaire's disease |
what is the tx for legionnaire's disease | erythromycin |
what test would you order to determine if your patient is likely suffering from obstructive or restrictive | spirometry |
What is TV in spirometry | Tidal Volume- the amount of air that moves into and out of the lungs during quiet, relaxed breathing. In the average person this is about 500 ml. |
What is IRV | inspiratory reserve volume- amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume normally 2100-3200ml |
What is ERV | expiratory reserve volume- amount of air that can be forcefully evacuated from the lung after tidal expiration. normally 1000-1200 |
What is RV | residual volume- help keeps lungs from collapsing. amount of air left after forced exhalation. normally 1200ml |
What is TLC | Total lung capacity- sum of all lung volumes usually 6000ml |
what is VC | vital capacity- total amout of exchangeable air usually 4800ml |
what is IC | inspiratory capacity- total amount of air that can be inspired after tidal expiration usually 3600ml |
What is FRC | functional residual capacity- volume of air that remains trapped in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration |
What is FEV1 | forced expiratory volume 1- volume of air forcefully exhaled in one second |
what is FVC | forced vital capacity- volume of air that can be maximally forcefully exhaled |
what is FEV1/FVC | ratio of air expelled in 1 second to total air expelled |
what is PEFT | peak flow rate during expiration |
what is the normal FEV1/FVC ratio | 80% |
what will you see in FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive disease | ratio will decrease to 40% because FEV1 is decreased |
what will you see in FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive disease | FEV1/FVC will be increased to about 90% because patient can't inspire as much. |
Created by:
smaxsmith
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