eye general congenit Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| retinaneuroepithelium of the iris and ciliary body | neuroectoderm |
| cornea, lens, eyelids | surface ectoderm |
| extraocular musclesvascular endothelium | mesoderm |
| invaginates, forming the lens vesicle | lens placode |
| optic vesicle becomes the | optic cup |
| eventually becomes the lens | lens vesicle |
| become the neural and pigmented layers of the retina | the two layers of the optic cup |
| composed of 5 layers | cornea |
| swelling and painsensitivity to light | conjunctival discharge |
| blindness resulting from | alterations in the cornea, lens, humorsdamage to the retina, optic nerveextraocular lesions on the brain |
| excessive or decreased lacrimationopacity of the cornea or lensexophthalmosendophthalmos | Clinical expressions of disease |
| HistoryPhysical examinationOphthalmoscopic examinationElectroretinographyCultures of lacrimal fluidPostmortem examination | Diagnostic procedures |
| absence of the eye | Anophthalmos |
| presence of a single, central eye | Cyclopia |
| incomplete separation, or early fusion, of paired globes | Synopthalmia |
| abnormally small eyeinherited defect in Collie dogs | Microphthalmia |
| inversion of the eyelids trichiasis | Entropion |
| eversion of the eyelids | Ectropion |
| rubbing of the eyelashes against the eye surface | Trichiasis |
| of veterinary importance | ColobomaCollie eye anomaly |
| failure of complete fusion of the lips of the embryonic choroid fissure | Coloboma |
| outpouching of neurectoderm | scleral ectasia |
| a defect in the form of a gap, notch or fissure of part of the eye as a result of improper development of the optic cup | Coloboma |
| the posterior portions of the eye (optic disc, iris, ciliary body) most often affected | Coloboma |
| inherited in Charolais cattle | Coloboma |
| cavitation of the choroid and scleracavity lined by a thinned retinal layer | Coloboma |
| inheritedautosomal recessiverough and smooth Collies and shetland sheepdogs | Collie eye anomaly |
| improper development of the optic cupabnormal formation of choroid and retinachorioretinal dysplasia or choroidal hypoplasia | Collie eye anomaly |
| abnormal retinal vesselsareas of chorioretinal dysplasia or hypoplasiaectasiaoptic discscleraposterior staphyloma± severe visual impairment | Collie eye anomaly |
| sequelae:retinal degeneration and detachmentintraocular hemorrhage | Collie eye anomaly |
| initially, the iris forms as a solid sheet of mesodermal tissue | pupillary membrane |
| pupillary membrane later on, some of this tissue dissipates >> forming the | pupil |
| delayed or incomplete atrophy of the anterior perilenticular vascular network | Persistent pupillary membrane |
| in dogs, persistent remnants are common up to 6 months of age | Persistent pupillary membrane |
| atrophy is frequently incomplete at birth | Persistent pupillary membrane |
| inherited in:Basenji Chow Chow Pembroke Welsh Corgi | Persistent pupillary membrane |
| short, threadlike protrusions from the area of the minor arterial circle | iris collarette |
| Persistent pupillary membraneclinical significance | obstructed visioncorneal or lens opacity |
| due to dysplasia of corneal endothelium or lens because of contact with the strands | corneal or lens opacity |
| Developmental anomaliesBlepharitisNeoplasms | Diseases of the eyelids |
| partial defect (coloboma) involving the upper eyelid is the | most common |
| abnormal or prolonged fusion or adhesion of the eyelids | Ankyloblepharon |
| Premature eyelid separation | Ankyloblepharon |
| essential to protect the immature cornea from infectious keratitis, dessication, and corneal rupture | Physiologic ankyloblepharon in carnivores |
| persists into the 2nd week of life | Congenital ankyloblepharon in dogs and cats |
| should have their eyes open at birth | ruminants and horses |
| inward rolling of the eyelid margin (inversion or infolding) because of inadequate overall length | Entropion |
| irritation of the cornea by the eyelid skin, cilia, and/or hair | Entropion sequel |
| very common anomaly in purebred dogs | Entropion |
| created by undue laxity of an excessively long eyelid resulting in an outward gaping of the eyelid margin | Ectropion |
| chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis from exposure to debris | Ectropion sequel |
| presence of an ectopic row of cilia originating from the ducts of the Meibomian glandsusually bilateral | Distichiasis |
| corneal irritation | Distichiasis sequel |
| misdirection of the normal cilia | Trichiasis |
| corneal irritation leading to keratitis and even ulceration | Trichiasis sequel |
| abnormally placed cilia within the lamina propria of the conjunctiva | Ectopic cilia |
| their emergence through the palpebral conjunctiva can cause severe corneal irritation | Ectopic cilia sequel |
| FocalDiffuse | Blepharitis |
| Hordeolum (stye)Chalazion | Blepharitis Focal |
| suppurative adenitis of the adnexal glands of Moll or Zeis | Blepharitis Focal Hordeolum (stye)External |
| suppurative adenitis of the Meibomian gland | Blepharitis Focal Hordeolum (stye)internal |
| persistent inflammation >> sebaceous secretions extend into the adjacent soft tissues >> granulomatous response | Blepharitis Focal Hordeolum (stye) sequel |
| DDxadenomafungal granulomalymphoid hyperplasia | Blepharitis Focal Hordeolum (stye) |
| sterile granulomatous inflammation of the Meibomian gland | Blepharitis Focal Chalazion |
| Blepharitis Focal Chalazion DDx | Meibomian gland adenomas |
| Blepharitis Diffuse Types | ulcerative, seborrheic, allergic, actinic, parasitic |
| Blepharitis Diffuse seen in dermatomyositis in | Shetland sheepdogs |
| erythema, crusting, vesiculation, erosiondorsum of the nose, inner aspects of the pinna, perioral and periocular regions | dermatomyositis in Shetland sheepdogs |
| dogs and cats | Nerve sheath tumors |
| cats, horses, cattle | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| cats | Mast cell tumor |
| horses | Sarcoids |
| most common tumor of canine eyelid (80% of all eyelid tumors) | Meibomian gland adenoma |
| exact counterpart of sebaceous adenomas | Meibomian gland adenoma |
| 2nd most common tumor of the canine eyeliduniversally benign | Melanocytoma |
| non-keratinized, stratified squamous epitheliumgoblet cells | normal conjunctiva |
| dogs: St. Bernard, Dalmatianlateral canthus or limbus | Dermoids |
| hereford cattle: autosomal recessive and polygenic trait3rd eyelid, medial canthus, eyelid | Dermoids |
| rare in domestic species | Extension of the conjunctiva over the cornea |
| benign, raised, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva | Pterygium |
| (cattle, horses in western USA and Canada) | Thelazia sp |
| corneal/conjunctival edema | chemosis |
| tenacious, sticky exudate | keratinisation and goblet cell hyperplasia |
| Idiopathic eosinophilic conjunctivitisNodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE)Necrotic scleritis | Conjunctivitis types |
| Idiopathic eosinophilic conjunctivitis | conjunctival counterpart of the eosinophilic keratitis syndrome |
| seen in cats and horses | Idiopathic eosinophilic conjunctivitis |
| ulcerationepithelial hyperplasia, squamous metaplasiacellular infiltrationlymphocytes, eosinophils | Idiopathic eosinophilic conjunctivitis |
| nodular lesion of the conjunctival lamina propria | Nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE) |
| Collie, Shetland Sheepdog, Cocker Spaniel, Rottweiler, and Labrador Retriever | Nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE) |
| syn.: ocular nodular fasciitis, fibrous histiocytoma, collie granulomasites: lateral limbus, 3rd eyelid | Nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE) |
| nodular accumulation of macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, plasma cells in the lamina propria; no collagenolysis and not many granulocytes | Nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE)histologically |
| neoplasia, excessive granulation tissue, cysts, foreign body, focal infections, granulomas, uveitis | Nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE)DDx |
| idiopathic “immune-mediated” disease in dogs; can be mistaken for NGE | Necrotic scleritis |
| nodular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva or underlying sclera posterior to the limbus | Necrotic scleritis |
| destructive lesion with collagenolysisnumerous eosinophils+ macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes (also seen in NGE) | Necrotic scleritishistologically |
| cattle > horse > dogs and cats | Neoplasms of the conjunctiva |
| cattleSCC is the most frequent | predispositions: actinic irradiation, hypomelanosis, IBR virus infection, genetic (Herefords) |
| horse | predispositions: actinic irradiation, hypomelanosis, IBR virus infection, genetic (Herefords) |
| dog | primary neoplasms are uncommonhemangiomas, viral papillomas, melanoma and histiocytomas do occur |
| cat | Neoplasms of the conjunctiva rare |
| faint loss of transparencycan be seen with oblique illumination | Nebula |
| light gray spotcan be visualized in natural light | Macula |
| any dense white spotindicates moderate to severe corneal disease | Leukoma |
| contamination of ulcers with bacteria or fungi>> suppurative destructive keratomalacia | Suppurative keratomalacia (“melting ulcer”) |
| due to:bystander injury from neutrophilsproteases of bacterial or fungal origin | Suppurative keratomalacia (“melting ulcer”) |
| sequelaedescematocele and corneal perforation | Suppurative keratomalacia (“melting ulcer”) |
| specific example: equine keratomycosis | Suppurative keratomalacia (“melting ulcer”) |
| congenital, developmental anomalies affecting the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva or cornea | Ocular dermoids |
| failure of the fetal ectoderm to undergo complete corneal “metaplasia”portion of the cornea remains as skin | Ocular dermoids |
| commonest in the dogtemporal limbusraised islands of skin with:long, soft hair orflattened plaque-like areas with short stiff hairhairs cause local irritationhair removal is simple and effective | Ocular dermoids |
| an outpouching (ectasia) of the cornea that is lined by uveal tissueembryogenic defectlesionsdark brown or blackperforation is common | Congenital anterior staphyloma |
| due to the entrapment of groups of epithelial cells in the developing cornealesionsopaque whitecystic enlargement may occur | Congenital inclusion cyst |
| small corneasporadic in many breedsespecially the miniature schnauzerheritableassociated with cataract formation | Microcornea |
| Ulcerative Non-ulcerative | Keratitis |
| etiology:trauma (physcial, chemical)dessicationinfection Moraxella bovis in cattle >> "pink eye“most prevalent in summer (↑ fly activity)FHV-1 in cats >> “dendritic” ulcersimmune-mediated1° degeneration of corneal epithelium | Ulcerative keratitis |
Created by:
alljacks
Popular Veterinary sets