Clin. Neuro Class 1 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Name the parts of the brain. | 1. cerebrum 2. cerebellum 3. brainstem |
Cerebellum-a.k.a. = | telencephalon |
What makes up the CNS? | 1. Brian 2. Spinal Cord |
Name the parts of the cerebrum. | 1. Cortex 2. Diencephalon |
What is the composition of white matter? | 1. mostly axons |
The axons have two types of tracts? | 1. Descending 2. Ascending |
What are the names for the descending tracts? (white matter) | 1. column 2. fasciculus 2. funiculus 3. lemniscus 3. peduncle 4. tract |
What is the location of white matter in the spinal cord? cerebrum? | Spinal cord- periphery Cerebrum- deep |
What is the composition of grey matter? | cell bodies and dendrites |
What are clusters of cell bodies called in the CNS? PNS? | CNS- nuclei PNS- ganglia |
What type of neurons are found in the grey matter? | 1. projecting (long) 2. interneurons |
What is the location of grey matter in the Spinal cord and brainstem? cortex and cerebellum? | SC and Br. Stem- deep Cortex and cerebellum- surface |
Most sensory pathway ________ at some level of the nervous system. | cross |
Most motor pathways cross as they ________. | descend |
Most deficits manifest themselves __________ to the lesion. | contralateral |
What is the exception for contralateral manifestation of a lesion? | cerebellum |
Rostral= | toward the nose |
Caudal= | toward the tail |
The telencephalon is at a _______ degree angle to the spinal cord and brainstem. | 100 |
Name the two cell types found in the nervous system. | 1. Neurons 2. Glia |
Number of neurons? glia? | Neurons= 20 billion Glia= 39 billion |
Name of neurons classified by shape. | 1. Multipolar 2. Pseudounipolar 3. Bipolar |
Bipolar neurons are special to? | Sense organs, eg.) olfactory, vision, and hearing |
Names of neurons classified by connection. | 1. sensory 2. motor 3. interneurons |
Define sensory neuron. | receives information from a receptor |
Define motor neuron. | sends information to muscles or glands |
What neurons make up the majority? | interneurons (99%) |
Neuroglia is ________ _________ | nerve glue |
T/F There is a lot of connective tissue in the CNS. | F |
Glia help to maintain ________ _______ and _________ in the CNS | 1. electrolyte balance 2. homeostasis |
Name the three types of glia. | 1. Macroglia 2. Microglia 3. Schwann Cells |
Name the two types of Macroglia. | 1. astocytes 2. oligodendrocytes |
Astrocytes have _________. | neurotransmitters |
What is the main function of oligodendrocytes. | Myelinate neurons of the CNS |
Astrocytes have __________ end feet. | perivascular |
Astocytes may be involved in the ________ of _________. | transport of nutrients |
Beneath the pia astrocytes form what? a barrier between what? | 1. glial membrane 2. cerebral spinal fluid and the brain |
After injury astrocytes form what? | a glial scar |
What are the two types of astrocytes? | 1. fibrous (white matter) 2. protoplasmic (grey matter) |
Glioblastoma= | fast growing astrocytic tumor |
Astrocytoma= | Slow growing astrocytic tumor |
Most intracranial tumors are ________. | gliomas |
The cell bodies of oligodendrocytes are _______ and have _______ cytoplasm. | dense; little |
What produces myelin sheaths for the CNS? | oligodendrocytes |
One oligodendrocyte gives off processes to myelinate segments of up to _________ different axons. | 15 |
What are smaller than macroglia? | microglia |
Name glia that are normally inactive. | microglia |
What happen to microglia after injury? | activated |
Microglia change into __________ after injury and what is their function? | macrophage, phagocytize |
What is the glial cell for the PNS? | Schwann |
What is the function of the Schwann cell? | 1. myelinate on segment of an axon 2. support smaller, unmyelinated axons |
What is the difference between the PNS and CNS | 1. PNS myelinated by Schwann cells 2. CNS- myelinated by Oligodendrocytes |
What is the difference in re-growth of the CNS and PNS? | 1. CNS- regrowth unlikely 2. PNS- Schwann cells have regrowth factor |
When do Schwann cells begin to myelinate rootlets? | immediately outside the spinal cord |
Peripheral nerves are made of axons of _______, ________, and _______ neurons. | 1. sensory 2. postganglionic sympathetic 3. motor |
T/F All Cranial nerves are part of the CNS. | F |
What CN is an extension of the CNS? Why? | 1. Optic nerve 2. myelinated by oligodendrocytes |
What CN contains parsympathetic autonomic fibers? | III, VII, IX, X |
Proteins are synthesized for _______ or _______ use. | intrinsic or extrinsic |
What determines which protein will be syntehsized? | DNA |
What proteins are specific to certain cells? | 1. neurotransmitters 2. receptors |
What proteins are common to all cells? | proteins involved in membranes, cytoskeletons, etc. |
Describe the synthesis of proteins for export. | 1. RER via RNA tranlation 2. packeage in golgi in vesicles 3. transported to membrane |
Describe the synthesis of proteins for intrinsic use. | synthesized on free ribosomes |
Intrinsic proteins= | cytoskeleton, ion channels, receptors, second messenger systems, proteins that support the dendrites and spines |
What is the function of the cytoskeleton? | 1. support the neuron 2. hold receptors in place 3. transport substances |
Name three types of filaments found in the cytoskeleton and their funciton. | 1. microtubules- transport 2. microfilaments- support body 3. neurofilaments- support axon |
Transport in the cytoskeleton happens in what directions? | anterogradely and retorgradely |
What can affect the transport mechanisms in a negative way? | neuropathies |
Created by:
696592119
Popular Physical Therapy sets