| Q |
A |
| Respiratory System (consists of) | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
| trachea | proper name for windpipe |
| bronchi | divisions of the trachea going to left and right lung and further dividing into bronchioles |
| alveoli | tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, thin walls one cell thick surrounded by capillaries |
| gaseous exchange | oxygen (in) and carbon dioxide (out) passing through capillaries and alveoli |
| respiration (purpose of) | to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide - pulmonary respiration |
| respiratory muscles | internal intercostals, pectoralis minor, abdominals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid |
| respiratory centre | located in brain, sends nerve impulses to control breathing rate. main factor affecting breathing rate CO2 level in blood and resiratory centre |
| breathing control | mainly involuntary, but can be conciously controlled during activities when required (eg swimming) |
| tidal volume | 500ml - volume of air breathed in/out |
| dead space | 150ml air reamining in nose throat and trachea |
| minute ventilation | 6000-7500ml volume of air inspired/expired in 1 minute (tidal volume x breaths taken) |
| inspiratory reserve volume | 3300ml additonal amount of air breathed in through forced inspiration |
| inspiratory capacity | 3800ml tidal volume+inspiratory reserve |
| expiratory reserve volume | 1200ml additional amount of air that can be forcibly expired |
| residual volume | 1200ml volume remaining after maximum expiration |
| expiratory capacity | 1700 ml tidal volume plus expiratory reserve |
| functional residual volume | 2400ml air in lungs at resting expiratory level. expiratory reserve plus residual volume |
| vital capacity | 4800ml maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after maximum inspiration |
| total lung capacity | 6000ml vital capacity + residual volume |
