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Biology Lab Midterm

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Question	Answer
DATA	Collection of readings or measurements
DATUM	The singular word for data
TRUE VALUE	This is the reading that would be obtained if there were no errors at all
ACCURACY	This is when a measurement is close to the true value
PRECISION	This depends on the scale of your measuring instrument. A precise instrument has lots of decimal places or many divisions in its scale.
RELIABLE	This is when the repeated results are the same even when someone else carries out the same experiment
FAIR TEST	This is when only one variable (independent) has been allowed to affect the results (dependent variable)
VALID	Data is not valid if a fair test is not carried out. Only valid data can be used to draw conclusions
EVIDENCE	This is when you have valid data
CALIBRATION	This is the scale between fixed points on a measuring instrument
RANDOM ERROR	These cause readings to be different from the true value. These can be detected by taking a large number of readings.
SYSTEMATIC ERROR	This is when the repeated readings are either mostly above or mostly below the true value
ZERO ERROR	These are caused when the measuring instruments do not read zero correctly.This is a type of systematic error
INDEPENDENT	This is the variable that you choose to change the value of. Usually plotted on the x-axis of a graph
DEPENDENT	This is the variable that you measure when you change the independent variable. Usually plotted on the y-axis of a graph
CONTINUOUS	A variable that can be any number and can go up in any interval. Data is presented in a line/scatter graph
CONTROL	This is when more than one variable could affect the results. The control variable is the one that must be kept constant or closely monitored
DISCRETE	A variable whose values are only whole numbers
CATEGORIC	A variable that has names rather than numbers. Data is presented in a bar or pie chart
ORDERED	These are categoric variables that can be ordered eg large, medium or small