Upper Body Word Scramble
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MUSCLE | ORIGIN | INSERTION | NERVE/BLOOD | ACTION(S) |
Pectoralis Major | medial 2/3 of clavicle, length of sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages and aponeurosis of external obliques | crest of greater tubercle (lateral lip of sulcus) | N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves B: branch of thoracoacromial | adduct and medially rotate humerus, draws scapula anterior and inferior, flex arm and extend flexed arm |
Serratus Anterior | superior 8-9 ribs | costal surface of medial border of scapula | N: long thoracic nerve B: lateral thoracic & thoracoadorsal | protracts scapula, rotates lateral angle upwards, keeps medial border close to thoracic wall, depress scapula |
Rhomboid Minor | inferior part of ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of C7 to T1 | medial border of scapula (at base of spine) | N: dorsal scapular nerve B: branches from transverse cervical artery | retraction & elevation of the scapula; assists in downward rotation of glenoid cavity |
Rhomboid Major | spinous processes of T2 - T5 | lower portion of medial border of scapula (inferior to minor) | N: dorsal scapular B: branches from transverse cervical artery | elevation & retraction of scapula (same time) and downward rotation of glenoid cavity |
Subclavius | costal cartilage of 1st rib | inferior surface of clavicle (middle 1/3) | N: nerve to subclavius from brachial plexus B: branch of thoracoacromial artery | depress clavicle & help raise 1st rib when clavicle raises; protects subclavian artery when clavicle fractures |
Deltoid | (anterior) lateral 1/3 of clavicle; (posterior) spine of scapula; (lateral) acromion | deltoid tuberosity | N: axillary B: deltoid branch of thoracoacromial & ant./post. circumflex humeral artery | (anterior) medial rotation & flexion of humerus (posterior) lateral rotation & extension of humerus (lateral) abduct arm |
Latissimus Dorsi | lower 6 thoracic, lumbar, & sacral spinous processes; inferior 3/4 ribs and post crest of ilium | floor of intertubecular groove | N: thoracodorsal B: thoracodorsal | extend; medially rotate; and adduct arm |
Teres Major | posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula | medial lip of intertubercular sulcus | N: lower subscapular B: branch of subscapular, posterior circumflex humeral arteries | adduction & medial rotation of arm; with resistance helps lat. with extension |
Teres Minor | upper 2/3 of the dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula | greater tubercle | N: axillary B: branch of subscapular; posterior circumflex humeral artery | laterally rotates humerus; keeps head of humerus in place |
Infraspinatus | infraspinatus fossa | greater tubercle | N: suprascapular B: circumflex scapular | lateral rotation of humerus; keeps head of humerus in place |
Supraspinatus | dorsal surface of scapula above spine | upper part of greater tubercle | N: suprascapular nerve B: suprascapular artery | abducts humerus |
Subscapularis | subscapular fossa | crest of lesser tubercle | N: upper & lower subscapular B: subscapular artery | medial rotation of humerus; prevents anterior dislocation of humerus head |
Sternocleiodomastoid | sternum, medial 1/3 of clavicle | mastoid process | N: accessory nerve | turns face towards opposite side; (uni) flex neck towards side of muscle; (bi) flex neck; raise clavicle & sternum to assist breathing |
Coracobrachialis | coracoid process | anteriomedial surface of middle of humerus | N: musculotaneous B: brachial artery | flexion & adduction of arm at glenohumeral joint |
Biceps Brachii | (long) supraglenoid tubercle (short) coracoid process of scapula | radial tuberosity | N: musculotaneous B: brachial artery | flex forearm at elbow, supination, flex glenohumeral joint (long) abduction during lateral rotation, (short) resists dislocation |
Brachialis | distal half of anterior humerus | coronoid process and ulnar tubersity | N: musculotaneous B: brachial artery | flexion of forearm at elbow in any position |
Triceps Brachii | (long) infraglenoid tubercle, (lateral) posterior surface of humerus, superiolateral to radial groove, (medial) posterior surface of humerus, inferiomedial to radial groove | proximal end of olecranon process | N: radial nerve B: deep brachial artery | extension of forearm at elbow, (long) extension and adductio of arm at g-h joint |
Brachioradialis | (anterior) lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum of arm | lateral side of distal end of radius | N: radial nerve B: radial artery | flexion of forearm at elbow (thumb must be up) |
Pronator Teres | medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna | lateral surface of radius (middle of shaft) | N: branch of median B: ulnar & radial | pronation, weak forearm flexor |
Flexor Carpi Radialis | common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle) | base of second metacarpal | N: median B: ulnar & radial | flex hand at wrist, may also produce abduction and assist with pronation |
Palmaris Longus | medial epicondyle | palmar aponeurosis | N: branch of median nerve B: ulnar artery | helps with flexion of hand and tightens skin when gripping |
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | common flexor tendon & proximal 2/3 of posterior surface of ulna | pisiform bone | N: ulnar B: ulnar | good flexor of wrist and ulnar deviation (adduction) |
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis | (humeroulnar) common fexor tendon and coronoid process, (radial) upper 1/2 of radius belowe radial tuberosity | sides of palmar surafce of base of middle phalanx | N: median nerve B: ulnar & radial | flex middle phalanx of digits 2-5 and flexion of proximal phalanx, metacarpals and hand |
Flexor Digitorum Profundus | proximal 2/3 of ulna, adjacent interosseus membranes and aponeurosis | base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 | N: median (2,3) and ulnar (4,5) B: ulnar, common interosseus arteries | flexion of the distal phalanx, secondary flexor of proximal interphalangeal joint |
Flexor Pollicis Longus | middle half of the anterior surface of the radius and adjacent interosseus membrane | base of distal phalanx of thumb | N: median B: radial | flex distal phalanx of thumb |
Pronator Quadratus | distal 1/2 of ulna | distal part of radius | N: median B: ulnar, radial, anterior interosseus arteries | pronate forearm/hand with pronator teres |
Anconeus | lateral epicondyle | lateral side of olecranon and adjacent ulna | N: radial nerve B: medial collateral artery | extension of forearm at elbow, stabilizes joint againt flexion and supination/pronation |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | lateral suprepicondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum, and lateral epicondyle | base of 2nd metacarpal | N: radial B: radial | extension of hand at wrist and radial deviation |
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis | lateral epicondyle, intermuscular septa and antibrachial fascia | base of 3rd metacarpal | N: radial B: radial | extension of hand at wrist |
Extensor Digitorum | lateral epicondyle, intermuscular septa, and antibrachial fascia | bases of middle and distal phalanges | N: radial B: recurrent interosseus | extends all joints of fingers, but can only extend at IP when MP are not hyperextended |
Extensor Digiti Minimi | lateral epicondyle, intermuscular septa, and antibrachial fascia | 5th middle and distal phalanges | N: radial B: posterior interosseus | extend and abduct 5th digit |
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | lateral epicondyle, and more than 1/2 of proximal posterior border of ulna | base of 5th metacarpal | N: radial B: posterior interosseus | aids in extension and ulnar deviation of hand at wrist |
Supinator | posteriolateral surface of ulna, lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament and annular ligament | lateral and adjacent posterior & anterior aspects of radius below radial head | N: radial B: recurrent interosseus | supinates forearm |
Extensor Indicis | distal 1/3 of posterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane | distal end of 2nd metacarpal into extensor expansions of 2nd digit | N: radial B: posterior interosseus | extends 2nd digit at proximal IP and helps extend hand at wrist |
Abductor Pollicis Longus | posterior surface of ulna below supinator and interosseus membrane | anteriolateral side of base of 1st metacarpal | N: radial B: posterior interosseus | abducts thumb and extends 1st MP joint after opposition |
Extensor Pollicis Longus | middle 1/3 of ulna and adjacent interosseus membrane | distal phalanx | N: radial B: posterior interosseus | extends IP, MP, CM joints, extends both phalanges, makes up medial border of snuffbox |
Extensor Pollicis Brevis | radius and interosseus membrane below abductor longus | proximal phalanx of thumb | N: radial B: posterior interosseus | extends proximal phalanx (at MP) and metacarpal of thumb (at CM) |
Flexor Pollicis Brevis | (superficial) flexor retinaculum and trapezium, (deep) floor of carpal tunnel, one or more distal carpal row (trapezoid and capitate) | radial side of proximal phalanx base (palmar side) | N: median B: radial | flex at MP joint of thumb, aids in adduction and opposition of thumb |
Abductor Pollicis Brevis | flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium | radial side of proximal phalanx base | N: median B: radial | true abductor of thumb, flexes thumb at MP joint |
Adductor Pollicis | (transverse) palmar surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal (oblique) ligamentus floor of carpal tunnel over distal parts of capitate, trapezoid, trapezium & adjacent bases of metacarpals 1-3 | ulnar side of palmar surface of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb | N: ulnar B: deep palmar arch | adducts thumb and flex thumb at CM joint and flex MP joint |
Opponens Pollicis | flexor retinaculum and trapezium | length of 1st metacarpal on radial side | N: median B: radial | opposition |
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis | fexor retinaculum and hamulus (hook) of hamate bone | proximal phalanx | N: ulnar B: ulnar | flex 5th digit |
Abductor Digiti Minimi | pisiform | unar aspect of base of proximal phalanx | N: ulnar B: ulnar | abduction of 5th digit |
Opponens Digiti Minimi | flexor retinaculum and hamulus (hook) of hamate bone | ulnar border of 5th metacarpal shaft | N: ulnar nerve B: deep palmar arch | opposition of 5th digit |
Palmaris Brevis | medial border of palmar aponeurosis | skin on ulnar surface of hand | N: ulnar | tenses skin of palm for gripping |
Palmar Interossei | 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals | extensor tendons (proximal phalanges) | N: ulnar B: common palmar digital arteries | flex MP joint and extend IP joint |
Dorsal Interossei | adjacent metacarpals | extensor expansions of 2nd to 4th digits | N: ulnar B: common palmar digital arteries | primary flexors at MP joint |
Lumbricals | tendons of flexor digitorum profundus | expanded extensor tendons | N: 1st & 2nd - median; 3rd & 4th - ulnar B: common palmar arteries | aid in the extension of IP joints, aids in flexion of MP joints (2nd to 5th digits) |
Levator Scapulae | transverse processes of C1-C4 | superior angle and upper part of medial border of scapula | N: C3 + C4 B: transverse cervical artery | elevates medial border of scapula and rotates glenoid cavity down, extending neck |
Trapezius | medial part of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum muchal, spinous processes of C7-T12 | spine of scapula, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle | N: accessory & C3/C4 B: thyrocervical trunk | (upper) elevates scapula and turns glenoid cavity up; (lower) depress scapula; (middle) retraction |
Pectoralis Minor | 3rd and 5th ribs | coracoid process | N: medial pectoral nerve B: thoracoacromial & lateral thoracic | stabilizes scapula and draws it inferior and anterior |
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