| Question |
Answer |
| two components of whole blood | plasma and formed elements |
| 3 types of formed elements in whole blood | red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets |
| red blood cells | carry oxygen & get rid of carbon dioxide |
| white blood cells | fight infection |
| platelets | are responsible for clotting |
| hemotocrit | the percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells - diseases of the blood can be detected by measuring the red blood cell count |
| normal hemotocrit | males - 40-54% while females have 38-47% |
| normal red blood count | males: normal RBC 4.6-6.2 million RBC/cubic mm; for females, normal RBC is 4.2-5.4 million/cubic mm |
| platelets normal count | 250,000-400,000 platelets per microliter of blood |
| WBC - white blood count | 5,000-10,000 white blood cells /microliter of blood |
| Differential white blood count | what is percentage of each of the five kinds of white blood cells? |
| normal percentages WBC | neutrophils - 60-70%; lymphocytes, 20-30%; monocytes, 2-8%; eosinophils, 1-4%; and basophils, .5-1% |
| what does WBC mean? | elevated neutrophil means bacterial infection; allergic reactions mean that eosniophil and basophil counts are elevated |
| granular leukocytes (3 types) | basophils, easinophils, neutrophils |
| 2 types of agranular leukocytes | lymphocytes and monocytes |
| neutrophil | WBC 2-4 lobes; purple color; phagocytized microorganisms |
| basophil | stains blue-purple-looks as if it has no nucleus because the granules are so close together; releases histmine; promotes inflammation - basophils "fill" the body - also heparin; which prevents clot formation |
| eosinophil | nucleus often bilobed, looks like neutrophil but its orange-red or bright red - the color - think "eo" orange or red - eleveated in parasitic infections |
| monocyte no granules (agranulocyte | largest of blood cells - kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped nucleus - phagocytic cell |
| lymphocyte - no granules (agranulocyte) | nucleus very round - takes ups entire cell - tumor control, |
| platelet | cell fragment surrounded by plasma membrane - contains granules |
| antigen | any substance that, when it comes in contact with other cells, induces a state of sensitivy or immune response Gr. "anti" -gen "producing" |
| antigenic | having the properties of an antigen (allergen) - immunogenic |
| antibody (Ab) | an immunoglobulin molecule with a aspecific amino acid sequence evoked in humans or other animals by an antigen and characterized by reacting specifically with the antigen in some demonstrable way, |
| antigen | protein that can interact with an antibody |
| antibody | looks like a letter "y" - specific to antigen |
| agglutination | clumping - when antibodies in plasma bind to the antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells, they form molecular bridges taht connect red blood cells |
| hemolysis | rupture of red blood cells; can be a reaction to blood transfusion |
| antigen - also called agglutinogens | function and location - protein that can interact with an antibody - found on red blood cells |
| antibodies or agglutinins | location and function - antibody that causes clumping or agglutination of the bacteria or other cells (red blood cells) - in plasma l. ad "to" gluten "clump" |
| Rh- and Rh+ blood types | Rh+ means that person has certain antigens (the D antigens) on their RBC's red blood cells - about 85% of Caucasians & 88% African-Americans have this - a person with Rh- does NOT have these antigens |
| Antigen/antibody reaction | when antibodies in plasma bind to antigens on red blood surface, they form molecular bridges that connect the red blood cells - this is called clumping or agglutination - can clotting within blood vessels, cause kidney damage, and even death. REactions c |
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