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Wetlands Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
% of pre-European invasion wetlands have been lost.	50
Types of Wetlands	Coastal & Inland
COASTAL.- Tidal salt marshes in the US (x 10^6 ha)	1.9 – mostly East Coast, Gulf Mexico
Tidal freshwater marshes (x 10^6 ha)	0.8 – big rivers East Coast, Gulf Mexico
Mangrove wetlands (x 10^6 ha)	0.5 – Florida, Texas, Louisiana
INLAND. - Freshwater marshes (x 10^6 ha)	27 – over half of U.S. in Alaska
Peatlands(x 10^6 ha)	55 – mainly in Alaska
•Freshwater swamps(x 10^6 ha) •Riparian systems	25 – in Southern U.S.
Total in Coastal & Inland over the US (x 10^6 ha)	110
% of U.S. Wetlands were lost from 1780’s – 1980’s	53 (almost the magic number in Env.)
Swamps and forested riparian wetlands decrease while...	marshes, shrub wetlands and non-vegetative wetlands have and increase.
Upland soils.	70 % soil, 15 % air, 15 % water Plants have access to all three
Wetland soils. Soils particles are submerged or saturated with water	70 % soil, 30 % water
Air spaces in roots and stems that diffuse oxygen to the plants roots (make up 50-60% of cross sectional root volume)	Aerenchyma
Air roots that protrude out of the ground and exposed during low tide (have lenticels). Found in Avicennia – black mangrove	Pneumatophores
Grow above the tidal level and have lenticels (holes for air entry).	Prop roots
Adaptations in most plants develop from the stem or trunk above the saturation zone	Adventitious roots
1/5 world's freshwater	Amazon River