| Question | Answer |
| % of pre-European invasion wetlands have been lost. | 50 |
| Types of Wetlands | Coastal & Inland
|
| COASTAL.- Tidal salt marshes in the US (x 10^6 ha) | 1.9 – mostly East Coast, Gulf Mexico |
| Tidal freshwater marshes (x 10^6 ha) | 0.8 – big rivers East Coast, Gulf Mexico |
| Mangrove wetlands (x 10^6 ha) | 0.5 – Florida, Texas, Louisiana |
| INLAND. - Freshwater marshes (x 10^6 ha) | 27 – over half of U.S. in Alaska |
| Peatlands(x 10^6 ha) | 55 – mainly in Alaska |
| •Freshwater swamps(x 10^6 ha)
•Riparian systems
| 25 – in Southern U.S. |
| Total in Coastal & Inland over the US (x 10^6 ha) | 110 |
| % of U.S. Wetlands were lost from 1780’s – 1980’s | 53 (almost the magic number in Env.) |
| Swamps and forested riparian wetlands decrease while... | marshes, shrub wetlands and non-vegetative wetlands have and increase. |
| Upland soils. | 70 % soil, 15 % air, 15 % water
Plants have access to all three
|
| Wetland soils. Soils particles are submerged or saturated with water | 70 % soil, 30 % water |
| Air spaces in roots and stems that diffuse oxygen to the plants roots (make up 50-60% of cross sectional root volume) | Aerenchyma |
| Air roots that protrude out of the ground and exposed during low tide (have lenticels).
Found in Avicennia – black mangrove
| Pneumatophores |
| Grow above the tidal level and have lenticels (holes for air entry). | Prop roots |
| Adaptations in most plants develop from the stem or trunk above the saturation zone | Adventitious roots |
| 1/5 world's freshwater | Amazon River |
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Biology Lab Midterm
