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Astronomy Chapter 4 Word Scramble

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Science Vocab 147928

Question	Answer
speed	how far an object will travel in a certain amount of time
velocity	how far and in what direction an object will travel
acceleration	change in velocity
acceleration of gravity	acceleration of a falling object in m per sec
momentum	product of mass times velocity
force	change applied to an object's momentum
net force	overall force acting on an object
angular momentum	circular momentum
torque	twisting force that can change an objects angular momentum
mass	amount of matter
weight	force that a scale measures
free-fall	falling without resistance
weightlessness	in a state of free-fall
Newton's First Law	An object moves at constant velocity if there is no net force acting upon it
Newton's Second Law	Force = mass x acceleration (F=ma)
Newton's Third Law	For any action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
conservation of momentum	total momentum of interacting objects cannot change
conservation of angular momentum	as long as there is no external torque, the total angular momentum of interacting objects cannot change
conservation of energy	energy cannot appear out of nowhere or disappear into nothing
kinetic energy	energy of motion
radiative energy	energy carried by light
potential energy	stored energy
thermal energy	collective kinetic energy moving within a substance
temperature	measures average kinetic energy of particles
gravitational potential energy	how much mass an object has and how far it can fall
mass-energy	energy contained in mass itself (E=mc^2)
law of gravitation	Fg = GM1M2/d^2
bound orbit	ellipse
unbound orbits	ellipse, parabola, hyperbola
gravitational encounter	when two objects pass close enough to exchange orbital energy
escape velocity	amount of energy needed by an object to clear a gravitational field of orbit
tidal force	difference in gravitational forces that causes two tidal bulges
tidal friction	tidal forces stretching the earth
synchronous rotation	moon always shows the same face to Earth because of tidal friction