LCHS Woodard AP Logical Fallacy terms
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| Fallacy | defect in an argument which causes it to be invalid, unsound, or weak | ||||
| ad misericordia | appeal to pity, a statement designed to arouse pity rather that using a logical premise | ||||
| ad ignorantium | appeal to ignorance, concluded a proposition is true because it has not been proven false or that it is false because it has not been proven true. | ||||
| appeal to traditional wisdom | appeal based on previous actions | ||||
| plain folks | a speaker tries to win confidence and support by appearing to be just like the audience, the common man | ||||
| ad hominem | "against the man" appeal attacking a person or group, not the issue | ||||
| ad populum | "to the people" (bandwagon) conclues a proposition to be true because so many people believe it | ||||
| double standard | two comparable items are evaluated according to different standards | ||||
| straw man | selecting to refute opponents weakest argument, or concocting tenuous opposing arguments | ||||
| red herring | divert attention from important issues by selecting irrelevant issues to discuss | ||||
| false analogy | comparing two items that do not deserve comparison (opposite of double standard) | ||||
| glittering generality | emotionally appealing words closely associated with highly valued concepts and beliefs | ||||
| equivocation (slanting) | using ambiguous words/phrases/ideas and changing their meaning | ||||
| oversimplification | obscuring or denying the complexity of an issue | ||||
| false dilemma (either/or) | stating two choices as the only alternatives | ||||
| nonsequitur | "it does not follow" conclusion is not a logical result of the facts | ||||
| post hoc (ergo propter hoc) | "after this" implying that because one event follows another, the 1st caused the second (chronology doesn't = causality) | ||||
| hasty generalization | drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence (leads to stereotypes) | ||||
| begging the question | premise is identical with the conlcusion | ||||
| slippery slope | one step will eventually lead to an undesirable second (or third, fourth, etc.) step |
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Created by:
Jemima Puddle Duck
on 2007-10-18