Chapter 31 The Endocrine System
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| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone released by the adrenal gland that controls blood pressure, releases choloesterol, and regulates the body's production of steroids
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| adrenal gland | located cranial to the kidneys and produces and releases adrenaline and other hormones
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| adrenaline | chemical that is released by the nervous system in times of stress to create a response in an animal's fight or flight instinct reaction
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| alopecia | hair loss
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| amino acid | simplest hormone that controls thyroid gland function
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| antidiuretic hormone | ADH, hormone that promotes urine formation, water asborption, controls blood pressure, and changes control in water content
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| blood glucose | blood sugar or insulin produced by the pancreas
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| cataracts | opacity of the lens of the eye
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| chemical | a change in the body that affects growth, sexual reproduction, and development
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| corpus luteum (CL) | known as the yellow body and forms during the gestation period of a female to maintain pregnancy
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| Cushings disease | common term for hyperadrenocorticism
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| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin
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| Dexamethosone | corticosteroid administered by injection to determine pituitary problems
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| diabetes insipidus | condition that affects the water content in the bloodstream, causing the urine to become dilute
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| diabetes mellitus | condition that causes high blood glucose levels
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| endocrine system | excretory system that rides the body of waste materials
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| enzyme | chemical reactions that change within the body and create and release hormones
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| epinephrine | short acting chemical released during the fight or flight response
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| estrogen | female reproductive hormone that begins the estrus cycle
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| estrus | the heat cycle that releases hormones for reproduction
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| excrete | the remove and rid the body of waste
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| fatty acid | controls hormones involved in estrus in the female heat cycle
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| follicle stimulating hormone | FSH, estrus hormone that allows for sperm production, regulates the female estrus cycle, forms the follicle during the breeding process, and produces estrogen
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| gestation | length of pregnancy
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| gonadotropin | GnRH, hormone produced and released to maintain a normal estrus cycle
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| homeostasis | a balance within the body
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| hormone | a chemical change in the body that regulates growth, sexual reproduction and development, metabolizes nutrients in cells
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| hyperadrenocorticism | increased production problem within the adrenal gland that results in a pituitary tumor where the ACTH hormone is increased or an adrenal gland tumor when cortisol production is increased
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| hyperglycemia | high blood glucose level
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| hyperkalemia | increased potassium in the blood
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| hyperthyroidism | condition that increased the thyroxine levels, common in cats
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| hypoadrenocorticism | decreased production of steroids within the adrenal glands if the glands fail to function, also called Addison's disease
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| hypocalcemia | decreased blood calcium
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| hypoglycemia | decreased blood glucose levels
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| hypoatremia | decrease of sodium and chlorine in the blood
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| hypothalamus | developes from brain tissue while an animal is in the embryo stage, and the gland serves as a reservoir for hormones and allows for the release and regulation of hormones
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| hypothyroidism | condition that decreases the thyroxine hormone, common in dogs
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| iatrogenic | condition caused by hormones
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| lutenizing hormone (Lh) | estrus hormone that allows the production of testosterone, allows for ovulation to occur, and forms the CL
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| Methimazole | medicine for cats to treat hyperthyroidism, blocks the synthesis of thyroxine
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| norepinephrine | long acting chemical hormone that increases the heart rate, blood pressure, blood low, blood glucose, and metabolism
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| ovulation | release of the egg during estrus in the female to allow reproduction to occur
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| oxytocin | hormone that releases and causes the muscles of the uterine wall to contract and milk production to begin in the mammary glands
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| pancreas | organ with a dual role in endocrine and exocrine production and functions
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| parathyroid gland | gland located below the thyroid gland
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| parturition | the labor process
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| peptide | largest hormone that controls protein in the body
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| pituitary gland | lies at the base of the brain and controls hormone release in the endocrine glands
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| polydipsia | increased thirst, PD
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| polyuria | PU, increased urine production
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| posterior lobe | back lobe of the pituitary gland that controls peptide hormones
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| prolactin | hormone that controls milk production
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| radioactive iodine | radiocat, treatment involving iodine being injected into the bloodstream to treat any areas that are overactive in thyroxine production, causing damage to thyroid tissue
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| somatotropin | growth hormone that increases protein synthesis in the body, causing an increase in an animal's size
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| steroid | occurs naturally in the body and regulates chemicals, such as cholesterol, in the body that control essential life functions
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| thymus | a gland in young animals that has an immunologic function
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| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid gland
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| thyroid gland | the master gland, controls, secretes, and regulates hormone production within the body and is located in the neck area
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| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | hormone produced by the thyroid gland that controls the chemical thyroxine
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| thyroxine | hormone that controls the actions of the thyroid gland and cell metabolism
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| T3 | most potent and active thyroid gland hormone measured in the bloodstream to diagnose thyroid gland problems
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| T4 | thyroid hormone converted into tissue and breaks down fats and helps control cholesterol
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