Computer Science I Chapter 2 Terms
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| address list | in C: function parameter list that consists of variable address
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| address operator | in C: the ampersand(&)
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| ASCII | the American Standard Code for Information Interchance. An encoding scheme that defines control characters and graphic characters for the first 128 values in a byte. The first 128 characters in Unicode
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| binary stream | a stream in which data is represented as it is stored in the memory of a computer
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| block comment | a comment that can span one or more lines, contrast with line comment
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| Boolean | a variable or expression that can assume only the values true or false
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| character constant | a constant that defines one character enclosed in two single quotes
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| character set | the set of values in a computer's alphabet
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| comment | in a C program, a note to the program reader that is ignored by the compiler
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| complex type | a data type consisting of a real and an imaginary type and representing a complex number in mathematics
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| constant | a data value that cannot change during the execution of the program, contrast with variable
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| conversion code | is formatted input and output, the code in the format specification that identifies the data type
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| conversion specification | the specification that defines how data are to be represented in an input or output operation
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| data encapsulation | the software engineering concept in which data are hidden from an application program's access
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| data hiding | the principle of structured programming in which data are available to a function only if it needs them to complete its processing; data not needed are "hidden" from view
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| declaration | in C, the association of a name with an object, such as a type, variable, structure or function
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| definition | in C, the process that reserves memory for a named object, such as a variable or constant
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| derived type | a composite data type constructed from other types (array, structure, union, pointer and enumerated type)
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| end of file (EOF) | the condition that occurs when a read operation attempts to read after it has processed the last piece of data
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| escape character | in C, the backslash (\) character used to identify a special interpretation for the character that follows it
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| flag modifier | the input/output format specification that supresses input or modifies output formatting
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| floating-point number | a number that contains both an integral and a fraction
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| format control string | in a formatted input/output function, the string that is used for formatting data
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| function | a named block of code that performs a process within a program; an executable unit of code, consisting of a header, function name, and a body that is designed to perform a task within the program
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| global declaration selection | the declaration and/or definition of a variable or function outside the boundaries of any function - that is, before main or between function definitions, contrast with local declaration
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| header file | in C, a file consisting of prototype statements and other declarations and placed in a library for shared use
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| identifier | the name of an object. in C, identifiers can consist only of digits, letters and the underscore
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| imaginary type | the data type in C that can represent an imaginary number in mathematics
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| include | in C, a preprocessor command that specifies a library file to be inserted into the program
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| initializer | in C, any value assigned to a constant or variable when it is defined
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| integral type | a data type that can store only whole numbers
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| intellegent data name | a software engineering principle that requires the identifier to convey the meaning or use of an object
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| justification | an output formatting parameter that controls the placement of a value when it is shorter than the specified output width
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| Latin character set | the extended ASCII character set in Unicode
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| line comment | a comment that spans only to the end of the current line, contrast with block comment
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| literal | an unnamed constant coded in an expression
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| logical data | data whose values can be only true or false
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| memory constant | a C type defined using the type qualifier const.
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| padding | extra zeros or spaces added to the left or right of a data item
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| parameter | a value passes to a function
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| parameter list | a list of values passed to a function (the values may be data or addresses)
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| precisions modifier | the print format string modifier that specifies the number of decimal places to be printed in a floating-point value
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| program documentation | comments placed within a program to help the reader understand the purpose of the program or a portion of its implementation
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| real type | a data type representing a number with a fraction
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| reserved word | the set of words in C that have a predetermined interpretation and cannot be used in the definition of an object
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| sign flag | the flag value (+) in the conversion code of a print format string that indicates that positive numbers must be printed with a plus sign
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| size modifier | the data formatting token that modidies the conversion code
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| standard input stream | the text file automatically opened by C for input to a program (stdin)
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| standard output stream | the text file automatically opened by C for output from a program (stdout)
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| statement | a syntactical construct in C that represents one operation in a function
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| standard type | one of the intrinsic C types that are considered atomic; that is, that cannot be broken down (void, char, int, float)
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| statement section | the section in a program where the executable statements are written
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| stream | in C, the flow of data between a file and the program; a sequence of bytes in time
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| string | in C, a variable-length sequence of characters delimited by a null character
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| string constant | a constant comprised of a sequence characters enclosed in double quotes
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| syntax | the "grammatical" rules of a language. In C, the set of keywords and formatting rules that must be followed when writing a program
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| token | in C, a syntactical construct that represents an operation or a flag, such as the assignment token (=)
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| type | a set of values and a set of operations that can be applied on these values
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| type qualifier | a modifier used in the definition of an object
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| variable | a memory storage object whose value can be changed during the execution of a program, contrast with constant
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| width modifier | in a format string, a conversion code modifier that specifies the input maximum or output minimum size
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