chapter 11 med terminology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| acr/o | extremities
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| adren/o | adrenal glands
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| adrenal/o | adrenal glands
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| andr/o | male
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| calc/o | calcium
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| crin/o | secrete
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| estr/o | female
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| glyc/o | sugar
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| glycos/o | sugar
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| gonad/o | sex glands
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| home/o | sameness
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| kal/i | potassium
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| natr/o | sodium
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| ophthalm/o | eye
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland
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| pineal | pineal gland
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| pituitar/o | pituitary gland
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| thym/o | thymus
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| thyr/o | thyroid gland
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| thyroid/o | thyroid gland
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| toxic/o | poison
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| -crine | to secrete
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| -dipsia | thirst
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| -prandial | pertaining to a meal
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| -tropin | stimulate
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| Reproductive sex cells | gamates
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| Insulin is produced by | beta islet cells
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| secretes glucagon, which stimulates the liver to release glucose | alpha islet cells
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| ACTH | adrenocorticotropin hormone
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| ADH | antidiuretic hormone
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| BMR | basal metabolic rate
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| DI | diabetes insipidus
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| DM | diabetes mellitus
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| FBS | fasting blood sugar
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| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone
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| GH | growth hormone
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| GTT | glucose tolerance test
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| IDDM | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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| K+ | potassium
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| LH | luteinizing hormone
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| MSH | melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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| Na+ | sodium
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| NIDDM | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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| NPH | neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)
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| PBI | protein-bound iodine
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| PRL | prolactin
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| PTH | parathyroid hormone
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| RAI | radioactive iodine
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| RIA | radioimmunoassay
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| T3 | triiodothyronine
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| T4 | thyroxine
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| TFT | thyroid function test
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| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone
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| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids; i.e. diabetic acidosis
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| edema | excessive amount of fluid
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| endocrinology | branch of medicine diagnosing and treating conditions and diseases of the endocrine system
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| gynecomastia | breast tissue in males
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| hirsutism | excessive hair
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| hypersecretion | excessive hormone production by endocrine gland
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| hyposecretion | deficient hormone production by endocrine gland
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| syndrome | group of symptoms and signs that, when combined, present a clinical picture of a disease or condition
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| addison's disease | deficiency in adrenocortical hormones. increased pigmentation of skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss
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| adrenal feminization | breast in men/increased estrogen by adrenal cortex
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| adrenal virilism | male secondary sexual characteristics in females/ increased androgen secretion by adrenal cortex
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| cushing's syndrome | hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex. may be a result of tumor. weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis
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| diabetes mellitus (DM) | chronic disorder of carb metabolism/ hyperglycemia & glycosuria
2 forms; diabetes mellitus(type 1): insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(type 2) (NIDDM)
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| diabetic retinopathy | secondary complication of diabetes; affects blood vessels of the retina, resulting in visual change or blindness
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| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | type 1 develops early in life when pancreas stops insulin production. patient must take daily insulin
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| insulinoma | tumor of the islets of langerhans cells of the pancreas, that secretes an excessive amount of insulin
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| ketoacidosis | due to an excess of acidic ketone bodies(waste products) serious condition requiring immediate treatment ; can lead to death
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| non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | type 2 later in life; pancreas produces, but cells don't respond properly; may have to take insulin
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| peripheral neuropathy | damage to nerves in lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes mellitus, extreme sensitivity or numbness and tingling
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| tetany | nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia; Hypoparathyroidism is on cause of tetany
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| Recklinghausen disease | excessive production of parathyroid hormone, which results in degeneration of the bones
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| acromegaly | enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities
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| diabetes insipidus (DI) | inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. may be polyuria and polydipsia
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| dwarfism/gigantism | insufficient growth hormone/ excessive growth hormone
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| panhypopituitarism | deficiency in all the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
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| cretinism | congenital condition; lack of thyroid hormones my result in arrested physical and mental development
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| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland
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| Grave's disease | overactivity of thyroid gland can be crisis situation; symptoms exophthalmos and goiter; A type of hyperthyroidism
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| Hashimoto's disease | chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis, results in hypo secretion of thyroid hormones
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| myxedema | hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in an adult; symptoms anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, edematous skin, drowsiness, and mental lethargy
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| thyrotoxicosis | marked overproduction of the thyroid gland; symptoms rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, and weight loss
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| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor in a gland that is capable of producing the hormones secreted by that gland
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| Fasting blood sugar (FBS) | amount of sugar circulating throughout the body after 12 hr fast
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| Glucose tolerance test (GTT) | determine blood sugar level
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| Protein Bound Iodine Test (PBI) | get concentration of thyroxine (T4)
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| Radioimmunoassay (RIA) | levels of hormones in the plasma
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| Thyroid function test (TFT) | measures thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone
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