Photographic Properties
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Photographic properties effect | Visbility, Density, Contrast
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| Geometric Properties Effect | Sharpness, Recorded Detail, Distortion
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| Radiographic Density | The overall blackness produced on the image after processing
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| Controlling factor of Density | mAs
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| Influencing factors of Density | kVp, Distance, Grids, Film-screen speed, collimation, anatomic part, anode heel effect, filtration, processing
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| mAs= | Quantity
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| kVp= | Quality
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| The Law of Reciprocity | mA x s = mAs
(200mA @ .10s = 20 mAs)
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| The minimal change needed to correct density errors is determined by | multiplying or dividing mAs by 2.
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| When greater change in mAs is needed.. | multiply or divide by 4, 8, etc
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| ___ kVp ___ Quantity of radiation striking the IR and ___ density. | Increases, increases, increases
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| Increasing kVp by 15% will ___ density (math) | Double;
__kVp x 1.15 = end kVp
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| Decreasing kVp by 15% will ___ density (math) | Cut in half;
___kVp x .85 = end kVp
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| To MAINTAIN density when kVp increases by 15% | Divide mAs by 2
kVp x 1.15
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| To MAINTAIN density when kVp decreases by 15% | Multiply mAs by 2
kVp x .85
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| To reduce patient dose ___ kVp ___ mAs | Increase; decrease
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| As SID increase, | the xray bream intensity is spread over a larger area, this decreases the overall intensity of the xray beam raching the IR
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| Inverse Square Law | I1/I2=SID2(squared)/SID1(squared)
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| Density Maintenance Formula | mAs1/mAs2=SID1(squared)/SID2(squared)
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| Increasing SID needs ___ mAs | More
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| Grids | Grids absorb the scatter radiation exiting the patient; Limiting the amount striking the IR and improves image quality; they also absorb some of the transmitted radiaion exiting the pt and reduce the amount of density produced on the radiograph
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| Grids are ___ for pt ___ for film | Bad; good
The more efficient a grid absorbs scatter, the greater the increase in mAs is required
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| Grid Conversion Factor | mAs1/mAs2=GCF1/GCF2
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| Grid Conversion FactorS | No grid 1
5:1 2
6:1 3
8:1 4
12:1 5
16:1 6
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| Film Screen Speed | The greater the speed the greater the density;
When the speed of the system changes; mAs should be changed
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| Film Screen Speed Formula | mAs1/mAs2=RS2/RS1
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| Anatomic Part | Thickness of the anatomic part affects the amount of xray beam attenuation that occurs;
thick-absorbs more (decreasing density)
thin-absorbs less (increasing density)
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| Anatomic Part Conversion | For each 4-5cms of thickness, increase mAs x2
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| The best for an anode heel effect is ____ SID and a ___ field size | Short, Large
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| Anode Heel Effect | The intensity along the longitudial axis of the primpart xray beam varies; this variance is called AHE
AHE is a decrease in the primary beam intensity on the anode side of the tube
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| Tube Filtration Contributors | These variations are so slight that they would have very little effect on density
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| Compensating Filters Contributors | Produce uniform densities;
mAs must be increased to maintain overall density
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| Film Processing Contributors | Variability in temp, chemisty and transporting can adversely affect density
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| Digital Imaging | Changes in mAs kVp SID will alter the I of radiation reaching the IR;
The relationship b/t mAs and density is not the same for DR;
Quality of image is adversly affected;
Techs use more exposure then needed;
The data can be altered to correct error in
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| Relationship to Density: mAs | Direct
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| Relationship to Density: kVp | Direct
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| Relationship to Density: SID | Inverse to the square of the SID
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| Relationship to Density: Grids | Inverse
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| Relationship to Density: Relative Speed | Direct
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| Relationship to Density: Collimation | Indirect
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| Relationship to Density: Bigger pt | Inverse
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| Relationship to Density: Generator output | Direct
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Created by:
rachelbeatty4
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