Final exam
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Topographic Map shows what | topographic maps characterize and show areas of the Earth's shape by displaying contour lines and symbols.
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| 3 types of landforms | Mountain, hill and plateau
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| Rocky mountains- high or low, relief and elevation- | Both high relief and high elevation
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| Contour interval | the interval between contour lines on a map, or the altitude the interval represents
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| Streak | a long thin stripe or band that is a different color from its background or surroundings
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| gemstone | a mineral or stone suitable for use in jewelry after cutting and polishing
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| crystal | a solid containing an internal pattern of atoms, molecules, or ions that is regular, repeated, and geometrically arranged
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| alloy | a substance that is a mixture of two or more metals, or of a metal with a nonmetallic material
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| cleavage | the splitting of minerals or rocks along natural planes of weakness determined by their internal crystal lattice.
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| Compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of elements in fixed proportions
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| Size of crystals | magma cooling fast or slow
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| Hardest mineral | diamond
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| the 5 characteristics a substance mush have to be a mineral | Naturally occurring, solid,forms by inorganic processes, crystal structure, definite chemical composition
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| Igneous rocks | rocks formed under conditions of intense heat or produced by solidification of volcanic magma on or below the earth's surface
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| Most abundant intrusive rock | granite
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| Geologist describe rock's texture | coarse or fine grained
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| Metamorphic rock | relating to or involving a change in physical form appearence or character
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| Rock cycle | the phases a rock goes through
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| Order of Earth's layer | inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust
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| Alfred Wegner's hupothesis of continental drift | There was once a super contitnent called pangea
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| Subduction | to be carried under the edge of an adjoining continental or oceanic plate causing tension int he Earth's crust that can produce earthquakes or volcanic eruptions
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| Theory of Plate tectonics | The continents are always moving
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| Where do you find most mid-ocean ridges | in the Pacific Ocean
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| P wave | a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground
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| S wave | a type of seismic wave in which the shaking is perpendicular to the direction of the wave
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| Seismograph | an instrument that detects the presence of an earthquake and measures and records its magnitude
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| stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
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| Where do volcanic belts form | Arund earth's boundarys
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| Viscosity of magma depends on what 2 things | Temperature and pressure
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| Cinder cone volcano | material that build aroung the vent in a steep cone shaped hill or small mountain
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| Compsoite volcano | are tall cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layer of ash
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| Shield volcanos | such lava flows slowly build a wide gently sloping mountain
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| Lava plateaus | The thin runny lava floods the area and travels far before cooling and solidifying, after millions of years repeated floods of lava can form high level plateaus
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| Active volcano | can erupt at any time
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| extinct | never will erupt again
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| dormant volcano | sleeping but can become active
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| concentration | the removal of water from something usually a liquid to make it thicker or stronger
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| potential energy | the energy that a body or system has stored because of its position in a electrical magnetic or gravitational field, or because of its configuration
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| kinetic energy | the energy that a body or systen has becaus of its motion
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| hardness | the test to tell you how hard a rock is
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| ph scale | measures how acidic or basic a substance is
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| Steps in water treatment | screening,pumping,and aerating
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| Salinity of water | how much salt is in the water
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| What happens to temperature as you descend through the water column | it gets colder and colder
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| wavelength | in physics the distance between two points on adjacent waves that have the same phase
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| trough | narrow channel, gully, or gutter in which liquid passes especially one under the eaves of a roof for catching rainwater
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| neap tide | , a tide that shows the least range between high and low and occurs twice a month between the first and third quarters of the moon
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| spring tide | a tide that occurs near the time of the new moon and full moon and has a greater than adverage ranger
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| longshore drift | the gradual movement of material along a coast caused by the action of waves having a component of motion parallel to the coaste
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| size of wave is affected by 3 thing | wind,tempurature,and moon cycle
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| Wave near shore | when a wave gets o shore it reseeds and then comes back bigger
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| What need for algae to grow in thee ocean water | shallow water and a lot of sun
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| Trench | a long narrow valley on an ocean or seafloor
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| Benthos | the animals and plants that live on or in the sediment at the bottom of a sea, lake, or deep river
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| Nekton | An orgamism such as a fish that lives in water and can actively swim against currents as opposed to microorganisms that are simply carried along
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| Intertidal zone | occurring within or forming the area between the high and low tide levels in a coastal zone
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| Hydrothermanl vent | small hill like object that shoot out super hot gasses located at the bottom of the ocean nearing a volcanoe
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| kelp forests grow | deep under the wate and grow up towards the sun.
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| Characteristics of twilight and midnight zone | the twilight zone has little light but the midnight zone has no light at all.
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| fluorescence | the emission of electromanetic radiation especially light by an object or substance exposed to radiation or bombarding particles
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| bioluminescence | the generaltion and emission of light by organisms such as fireflies some bacteria and fungi and many animals that live in the ocean
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| chemiluminescence | emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction without producing heat
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| Order of planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupitor, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto
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| CORE | The central or most important part of the sun
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| Radiation zone | energy emitted from a source in the form of rays or waves
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| convection zone | a layer of a star across which energy is transported outward mainly by convection currents
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| Sunspot | any of the relatively cool dark patches that appear in cycles on the Sun's surface into interplanetary space
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| Solar flares | a brief sudden eruption of high energy hydrogen gas from the surface of the sun associated with sunspots
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| solar winds | the flow of high-speed ionized particles from the Sun's surface into interplanetary space
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| meteors | a mass of rock from space that burns up after entering Earth's atmosphere
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| Meteoroids | a mass of rock in space often a remnant of a comet that becomes a meteor when it enters the Earth's atmosphere and a meteorite when it falls to Earth
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| Meteorites | a piece of rock that has reached Earth from outer space
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| Comet | an astronomical object that is composed of a mass of ice and dust and has a long luminous tail produce by vaporization when its orbit passes clise to the sun.
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| Stars are made of what | and array of different gasses
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| Spiral galaxy | a galaxy consisting of an older central nucleus of stars from which extend two spiral arms of gas dust and newer stars
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| Barrel spiral galaxies | close to a spiral but this one has a ling line through it
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| Elliptical galaxy | a galaxy with an overall elliptical or spherical shape and no arms or internal structure
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| Irregular galaxy | a galaxy that has none of the same characteristics of other galaxies
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