Muscle movement
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| Flexion | bending movent results in a decrease in the angle of a joint.
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| Extension | movement that increased the angle of a joint.
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| Hypertension | excessive or unnatural movement in direction of extension
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| Lateral flexion | side bending of head neck or trunk. Only in spine
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| Abduction | lateral movement away from midline in the frontal plane
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| Adduction | Medial movement toward midline
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| Protraction | Movement anteriorly of shoulder blades or jaw
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| Retraction | Movement of shoulder blades to posterior
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| Elevation | Lifting or raising a part superiorly
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| Depression | Lowering a body part inferiorly
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| Upward rotation | Glenoid fossa moves upward
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| Downward rotation | Glenoid fossa moves downward
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| Horizontal abduction | Humerous moves in a horizontal plane posterior to frontal plane
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| Horizontal adduction | Humerous moves in horizontal anterior to frontal plane
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| Circumduction | Circular movement of hips or shoulders
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| Rotation | Relvolving the head, neck, trunk, or pelvis about long axis
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| Medial(internal) rotation | Rotation of a bone on a long axis toward midline of the body
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| Lateral (external) rotation | Rotation of a bone on a long axis away from the midline of the body
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| Oppostion | Thumb pad to finger pad
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| Dorsiflection | Standing on your heels
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| Plantar flexion | Standing on your toes
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| Eversion of foot | roll bottom of foot out
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| Inversion of foot | roll bottom of foot in
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| Supination | Rotation of forearm so palm faces up
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| Pronation | Rotation of forearm so palm faces down
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| Skeletal muscles | Attach to bone, voluntary,striated
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| Cardiac muscle | Heart, striated, involuntary
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| Smooth muscle | Involuntary, walls of organs
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| Origin | Generally the more proximal attachment site, more fixed point
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| Insertion | Generally the more distall attachment site, more mobile point
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| Action | Activity performed by a muscle
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| Fetal position | position of total flexion
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| Isotonic contraction | Muscles only pull, no change in length
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| Concentric contraction (isotonic) | Tension, shortens,movement against gravity
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| Eccentric contraction (isotonic) | Tension, lengthing, movement with gravity
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| Isometric contraction | Tension, no change in length
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| Agonist | Main muscle(s) that produces movement
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| Antagonist | Muscles that are opposite of agonist
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| Synergist | Muscle(s) that assists the agonist
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| Stabilizers | Muscles that surround a jint or body part (keep head in socket)
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| Neutralizer | Counteract or neutralize action of another muscle
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| ROM | Range of motion
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| Muscle crosses joint posteriorly | Moves body part posteriorly
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| Muscle crosses joint aneteriorly | Moves body part anteriorly
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| uscle crosses joint medially | Moves body part medially
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| Muscle crosses joint laterally | Movs body part laterally
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| Rectus (direction of fibers) | Straight
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| Transverse (direction of fibers) | perpendicular to midline
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| Oblique (direction of fibers) | at an angle to midline
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| Magnus (size) | Large
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| Maximus (size) | Largest
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| Medius (size) | Middle-sized
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| Minimus (size) | Smallest
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| Biceps | 2 heads
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| Triceps | 3 heads
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| Deltoid | Triangular
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| Trapezious | Trapezoidal
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| Longus | Long
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| Brevis | Short
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| Superficialis | Close to surface
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| Profundus | Deep
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