Definitions from American, French & Irish Revolution
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| Enlightenment Writers | People who argued that the rule came not from God but from the people.
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| Two countries that controlled America in 1765 | Spain and Britain
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| Revolution | The overthrow of a government
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| Rebellion | An organised attempt to overthrow a ruler or government
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| Colony | A territory controlled by another country that is usually far away
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| Two groups of Americans that were treated very badly in the colonies | Slaves and the Native Indians
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| Stamp Act | A tax an official documents. e.g. Wills
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| 'No Taxation without Representation' | The Americans did not have any representatives in British parliament and felt it was not right to tax
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| Townshend Act | A tax/duty on goods such as glass & tea imported into America
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| Patriots | Those who felt that the Americans should control their own affairs
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| Boston Massacre | British soldiers retaliating for a mob attack
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| Boston Tea Party | Overthrowing tea that came into the harbour in response to a tax still on tea
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| First Continental Congress | A meeting of twelve out of thirteen colonies that showed the colonies could work together.
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| Minutemen | Volunteer soldiers (militias) that were prepared to take action at a minute's notice
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| Battle of Lexington | First shots were fired
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| Loyalists or Tories | Those who remained loyal to the King
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| Battle of Bunker Hill | Washington's first victory
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| Thomas Paine | Author of Common Sense, an attack on King George III and a call for complete independence
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| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the Declaration of Independence
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| 4th July 1776 | Birth of U.S.A. (Independence Day)
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| Trenton | A surprise attack on the British, Christmas Day 1776
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| Saratoga | General Gates (with the help of the French) forced the British army to surrender - turning point of the war
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| Yorktown | General Cornwallis surrendered and Americans had won - October 1781
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| Treaty of Versailles | Recognition of the U.S.A. as an independent country
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| Democracy | People electing a government
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| Constitution | A document that sets out how a country is run
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| Federal System | Where each state would have control over their matters such as business and education
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| House of Congress | The part of the government that passes the laws
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| Why did the British decide to tax the colonies? | To get the Americans to pay for the costs incurred from the French Indian War
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| What was the Boston Massacre? | British soldiers opened fire after being attack by an American mob
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| Why did the Boston Tea Party happen? | The Americans were still unhappy that cheap tea was still being taxed
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| Why did Congress choose George Washington as commander-in-chief? | Due to his bravery, judgement and common sense
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| How did George Washington show good leadership at Trenton 1776? | He launched an attack on the British and caught them completely by surprise
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| Why was the Battle of Saratoga the turning point in the war? | Led by General Gates they forced a large British army to surrender
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| First Estate | The Clergy
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| Second Estate | The Nobles
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| Third Estate | Remaining 95% of the population. made up of commoners and bourgeoisie
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| Why did the nobles force the king to call and Estates General? | The nobles did not want to give the king more money
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| Tennis Court Oath | The Third Estate swore they would continue to meet in an indoor tennis court until their demands were met
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| Slogan of the French Revolution | Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
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| Jacobins | Robespierre's political party
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| Why was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy introduced? | Most revolutionaries disliked the Catholic Church because it supported the kings and nobles
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| Law of Suspects | A Revolutionary Tribunal that tried anyone suspected of treason
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| Why did members of the Convention turn against Robespierre? | They feared they might be next for execution
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| Protestant Ascendancy | Wealthy families dominating Parliament
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| Penal Laws | Laws passed against Catholics to stop them becoming powerful
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| An Argument on Behalf of the Catholics in Ireland | Wolfe Tone's Pamphlet, written in 1791
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| Who set up the United Irishmen? | Wolfe Tone, William Drennan, Henry Joy McCracken and Thomas Russell. James Napper Tandy (Dublin branch)
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| In which counties did the rebellion begin? | Kildare, Meath and Carlow
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| Why did the rebellion break out in Wexford? | Terrified by reports of massacres in Wicklow and anger at the government's use of terror
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| How was the rebellion defeated in Wexford? | British superior weaponry
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