muscular exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Leg Muscles (anterior) | Quadriceps
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Adductor group
Tibialis anterior
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| The Motor Unit | 1 motor unit = junction between 1 neuron + many muscle fibres
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| Leg muscles (posterior) | Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
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| Muscle Tissue - Three Types | Skeletal / Striated / Voluntary
Smooth / Non-striated / Involuntary
Cardiac / Striated / Involuntary
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| Skeletal Muscle Organisation | Muscles are organised as follows, from macrostructure to microstructure:
Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle Fibre
Myofibril
Myofilament
Sarcomere
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| Myofibrils | Rodlike contractile element.
Occupy most of the muscle cell volume
Appear banded -
A bands - dark, I bands - light
Composed of sarcomeres - arranged end to end
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| Functions of Muscle Tissue Movement | of a particular limb (external movement) of materials inside the body
Posture to keep us upright
Stabilisation to stabilise joints
Heat Production70% of energy used by muscles is transferred into heat (released by breakdown of ATP)
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| Movement (voluntary) | Nearly all movements of the human body are a result of muscle contraction
Mobility of body as a whole reflects activity of skeletal muscles, responsible for all locomotion (walking for example) and manipulation
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| Movement (involuntary) | Smooth muscle of blood vessel walls and cardiac muscle of the heart - which work together to circulate blood and maintain blood pressure and the smooth muscle of other hollow organs, which forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels
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| Posture | Yet, they function almost continuously, making one tiny adjustment after another so that we can maintain an erect or seated posture despite the never-ending downward pull of gravity
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| Stabilisation | As the skeletal muscles pull on bones to cause movements, they also stabilise the joints of the skeleton
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| Heat Production | Since skeletal muscle accounts for at least 40 percent of body mass, it is the muscle type most responsible for heat generation
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| Characteristics of Muscle Tissue | Excitability- ability to respond to a stimulus
Contractibility- muscle can become shorter and thicker
Extensibility- able to stretch
Elasticity- ability to return to original shape and size
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| Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Striated -but muscle fibres are branching and fit together like clasped fingers (allows cardiac muscle to act as a unit)
Not under conscious control - self exciting
Can beat by itself, but CNS can accelerate and decelerate heart-rate
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| Myofilaments | Thread like structures - make up myofibrils
2 proteins arranged as Thin or Thick filaments
These 2 slide past each other - create contraction
Arrangement of myofilaments in myofibrils, produces banding pattern in skeletal muscle
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| Sarcomere | contractile unit
composed of myofilaments
filaments made up of contractile proteins
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| Posterior Muscles | Trapezius
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Triceps brachii
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| Anterior Muscles | Sternocleidomastoid
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps brachi
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
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