body exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Epidermis | protective covering
it gets hard & tough (from a protein – keratin)
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| Dermis | dense tissue – anchors skin and contains essential structures
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| Epidermis & Dermis | are firmly connected - but a burn or friction can cause them to separate (blister)
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| Hypodermis | not technically part of skin, but anchors it to underlying organs
Acts as a shock absorber and insulates deeper tissue from extreme temperature changes
Responsible for curved surfaces
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| Subcutaneous Layer | It is a layer of tissue that attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs
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| Hypodermis | houses larger nerves and blood vessels, as well as the fibroblasts, which are responsible for producing collagen. The collagen fibre's are then transported to the dermis to support the skin.
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| Hair | is a flexible structure
Part enclosed by follicle is the Root
Part projecting from surface is the Shaft
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| Nails | Produced from Dermal layer
Body of a nail is composed of dead, tightly compressed cells packed with keratin
For protection and to limit distortion of fingertips
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| Arrector Pili Muscle | A small muscle
Contracts to make the hair “stand on end” in response to cold or fear
Cold - the muscles contract to prevent heat loss by tightening the skin layers
Fear - muscles contract to provide a stronger skin surface for protection
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| Sebaceous Glands | Ducts usually empty into a hair follicle (some go direct to skin surface) Provide sebum - an oily substance (with fragmented cells) This keeps the hair (mostly hard keratin) lubricated Also lubricates the skin and retards water loss from skin Sebum also c
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| Sweat Glands/ Sweat (produced by Eccrine Glands | 2 Types:
Eccrine (most numerous)
Apocrine (sticky secretions)
Clear secretion
Primarily water
Some salts (NaCl)
Vitamin C
Traces of metabolic wastes (ammonia, urea, uric acid)
Lactic Acid (which attracts mosquitoes)
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| Sweat (produced by Apocrine Glands) Sweat (from apocrine glands) | Located in the axilla, groin and around the nipples
Coiled glands which communicate with hair follicles Produce sticky, cloudy secretions are controlled by hormones and part of the nervous system Contains all substances of eccrine sweat plus:
Fatty acid
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| Melanocytes | As the pigment accumulates within Stratum Basale cells - melanin forms protective pigment “umbrella” over nuclei
Shields skin DNA from UV damage
Freckles and moles seen where melanin is concentrated in one spot
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| Keratinocytes (keratin cells) | Tough, fibrous water-repellent protein
Abundant in most superficial layerHelps body resist biological, chemical and physical assaults
All the cells of the epidermis are replaced every 35 to 45 days
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