Origins, Insertions, Actions and Innervations of UE Muscles
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| Upper Trapezius | external occipital protuberance medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line ligamentum nuchae spinous process of 7th cervical vertebrae | lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion process | spinal accessory CXI and ventral rami of C3,4. | scapular elevation
upward rotation of scapula
scapular retraction
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| Middle Trapezius | spinous process of thoracic vertebrae 1-5 | superior border of spine of scapula | spinal accessory CXI and ventral rami, C3,4 | scapular retraction and elevation
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| Lower Trapezius | spinous process of thoracic vertebrae 6-12 | medial 1/3 of spine of scapula | spinal accessory CXI and ventral rami, C3, 4 | scapular depression, retraction and upward rotation
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| Levator Scapulae | transverse process of cervical 1-4 | vertebral border of scapula, between superior angle and scapular spine | dorsal scapular C5, and ventral rami of C3,4 | scapular elevation, downward rotation, and retraction
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| Rhomboid Major | Spinous process of thoracis 2-5 | medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle | dorsal scapular, C5 | scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation
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| Rhomboid Minor | lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 and T1 | medial border of capula at the root of the spine of the scapula | dorsal scapular, C5 | scapular retraction, elevation and downward rotation
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| Deltoid | A: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, M: acromion process, P: inferior spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity | Axillary, C5, 6 | A: abduction, horizontal flexion and med. rotation; M: abduction, P: abduction, horiz ext., lat rotation.
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| Serratus Anterior | superior lateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs | costal surface of vertebral border along inferior angle of scapula | Long thoracic, C5,6,7. | scapular protraction, upward rotation, stabilization
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| Subclavius | 1st rib at the jct of costal cartilage | groove on inf. clavicle (btwn costoclavicular and conoid lig) | subclavian branch of brachial plexus, C5,6 | depresses clavicle and pulls inferiorly and anteriorly
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| Pectoralis Minor | anterior surface of 3rd, 4th, 5th ribs | coracoid process of scapula | medial pectoral nerve from brachial plexus, C6, 7, 8 | protraction with fixed ribs, elevates ribs with coracoid fixed (scapular depression, downward rotation, stabilization)
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| Pectoralis Major | C: ant surface of med. 1/2 clavicle; S: sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs and aponeurosis of ext. obliques | lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus (bicipital groove); crest of greater tubercle | C:lateral pectoral C5, 6 S: lateral and medial pectoral, C7,8, T1. | flexion, adduction, horiz. flexion, medial rotation. S also extends flexed humerus
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| Latissimus Dorsi | Broad aponeurosis that originates on the spinour processes of T6-12 and L's, post. crest of ilium, post surface of sacrum, lower 3-4 ribs and attachment to inf. angle of scapula | flat tendon that twists upon itself to insert into the intertubercular sulcus | Thoracodorsal from brachial plexus, C6,7,8 | extends, retracts and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder
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| Teres Major | dorsal surface of inferior angle of the scapula on lower 1/3 of scapular axillary border | intertubercular groove (medial lip) | lower subscapular, C5-7 | adducts and medially rotates humerus at the shoulder, extends shoulder
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| Infraspinatus | infraspinatus fossa | post. aspect of greater tubercle | suprascapular, C5-6 | lateral rotation of humerus, stabilization of joint.
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| supraspinatus | medial 2/3 of supraspinatus fossa | superior surface of greater tubercle | suprascapular, C5-6 | abduction of humerus, stabilization of joint.
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| teres minor | superior 2/3 of dorsal surface of axillary border of scapula | inf. aspect of greater tubercle | Axillary, C5-6 | lateral rotation of humerus; stabilization of head of humerus.
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| subscapularis | entire anterior surface of the subscapular fossa | lesser tubercle of humerus | upper and lower subscapular, C5,6,7 | medial rotation of the humerus, stabilization of joint
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| Coracobrachialis | Coracoid Process | roughening in the medial shaft | musculocutaneous, C5-7 | flexes arm at glenohumeral joint
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| Biceps Brachii | supraglenoid tubercle on scapula(long) and coracoid process (short) | radial tuberosity | musculocutaneous, C5-6 | forearm flexion and supination
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| Brachialis | anterior aspect of the humerus and adjacent intermuscular septae | tuberosity of the ulna | musculocutaneous, C5-6 (and some C7 from Radial N.) | forearm flexion
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| Triceps Brachii | infraglenoid tubercle(long), superior 1/2 of post. humerus(lat), inferior 2/3 of post. humerus (medial) | olecranon process of ulna | radial, C6-8 | extension of forearm (long also adducts shoulder)
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| Anconeus | Posterior lateral epicondyle | lateral olecranon; upper 1/4 of post surface of ulna | radial, C7-8 | extends elbow (and stabilize during pronation)
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| Pronator Teres | medial epicondyle(humeral) and medial coronoid process (ulnar) | middle 1/3 lateral radius | median, C6-7 | pronation and flexion
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis | medial epicondyle | anterior surface of base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal | median, C6-7 | flexion and radial deviation
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| Palmaris Longus | medial epicondyle | palmar aponeurosis | median, C7-8 | flexion at wrist
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | medial epicondyle | posterior border of ulna | ulnar, C7-8 and T1 | wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
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| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis | medial epicondyle and coronoid process(humeroulnar), oblique line of radius (radial) | 4 tendons to base of middle phalanges | median, C8 and T1 | wrist flexion, MCP jt and IP jt flexion
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| Flexor Digitorum Profundus | Anteromedial surface of ulna and anteromedial surface of interosseus membrane | palmar surface of distal phalynx | median (lat. half) and ulnar (medial half), C8 and T1 | flexes DIP, MP and wrist
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| Flexor Pollicus Longus | anterior surface of radius and radial 1/2 of interosseus | base of distal phalynx of thumb | median(ant. interosseus), C7-8 | flexes IP of thumb/mp
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| Pronator Quadratus | linear ridge on distal anterior surface of ulna | distal ant. surface of radius | median nerve (ant. interosseus), C7-8 | pronation
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| Brachioradialis | proximal supracondylar ridge of humerus | lateral aspect of distal radius | radial, C5-6 | flex neutral forearm (pronate/supinate to neutral)
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis | lateral epicondyle | posterior surface of 3rd metacarpal | deep radial, C7-8 | extension and radial deviation
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| Extensor Digitorum | lateral epicondyle | 4 tendons, split 1 to dorsal MP and 2 to DP | post. interosseus C7-8 | extends fingers
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi | lateral epicondyle | PP of little finger | post. interosseus, C7-8 | extends little finger
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | lateral epicondyle and post. border of ulna | post. surface of 5th metacarpal | post. interosseus, C7-8 | extends and ulnarly deviates wrist
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| Supinator | lateral epicondyle, radial collateral lig., annular lig, supinator crest of the ulna | lateral surface of radius | Deep Radial, C6-7 | supination
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| Abductor Pollucis Longus | prox. post ulna, radius, interosseus membrane | lateral base of 1st metacarpal | post. interosseus, C7-8 | abducts MCP jt at thumb
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| Extensor Pollucis Brevis | post. radius and post. interosseus membrane | proximal phalynx base | post. interosseus, C7-8 | extends proximal phalynx
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| Extensor Pollucis Longus | mid 1/3 of ulna and interosseus membrane | DIP | post. interosseus, C7-8 | Extends DIP
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| Extensor Indicis | Posterior ulna and interosseus membrane | ext. hood of index (ex. digit tendon) | post. interosseus, C7-8 | Extends phalanges of index
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | Distal lateral supracondylar ridge | dorsal surface of base of 2nd metacarpal | Radial, C6-7 | wrist extension and radial deviation with coulpled with flexor carpi radialis)
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