Nutrition - Exam 2 - Part 1 - Carbohydrates
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| What are the 2 simple carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides, Disaccharides
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| What are complex carbohydrates also known as? | Polysaccharides
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| What are the 3 complex carbohydrates (or polysaccharides)? | glycogen, starches, fiber
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| What are the 3 monosaccharides? | glucose, fructose, galactose
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| What monosaccharide is commonly known as blood sugar? | glucose
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| What monosaccharide is an essential energy source for the body? | glucose
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| What monosaccharide is the sweetest of all sugars? | fructose
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| What monosaccharide occurs in fruits and honey? | fructose
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| What monosaccharide rarely occurs as a single sugar? | galactose
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| Glucose, fructose and galactose all have what molecular formula? | C6H12O6
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| ______ is the linking of two monosaccharides together which creates h2o. | condensation
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| ______ is the splitting of molecules using water. | hydrolysis
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| glucose + glucose = _________ | maltose
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| glucose + fructose = __________ | sucrose
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| glucose + galactose = __________ | lactose
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| What are 3 disaccharides? | maltose, sucrose, lactose
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| What disaccharide is a minor constituent of barley? | maltose
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| What disaccharide gives natural sweetness to fruits, veggies and grains and is commonly known as table sugar? | sucrose
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| What disaccharide is milk sugar? | lactose
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| What is the storage form of glucose in the body? | glycogen
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| What is the storage form of glucose in plants? | starches
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| What is the structural parts of plants found in veggies, fruits, grains, legumes? | fiber
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| In what type of complex carbohydrates can bonds not be broken and is not digestible by human enzymes? | fibers
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| Whole legumes, raw potatoes, and unripe bananas have fibers known as what? | resistant starches
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| Glycogen is made and stored in the ______ and ______. | liver, muscles
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| ______ fibers dissolve in water. | soluble
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| ______ fibers are viscous (form gels). | soluble
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| ______ fibers are fermentable (digested by bacteria in the colon) | soluble
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| _______ fibers are found in legumes and fruits and lower cholesterol and blood glucose. | soluble
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| ______ fibers do not dissolve in water. | insoluble
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| ______ fibers are nonviscous (do not form gel) | insoluble
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| ______ fibers are found in grains and veggies, promote satiety, and promote bowel movements and prevent constipation. | insoluble
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| The ultimate goal of digestion and absorption of sugars and starches is to break them into molecules of ______. | glucose
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| ______ is the main energy source for the brain. | glucose
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| In the mouth, ______ hydrolyzes starch to shorter polysaccharides and maltose. | salivary amylase
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| ______ delay gastric emptying. | fibers
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| The primary site of carbohydrate, fat, and protein digestion is the ________. | small intestine
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| _______ breaks down polysaccharides into shorter glucose chains and disaccharides. | pancreatic amylase
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| How long can our glycogen stores last? | 24 hours
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| The making of glucose from a new source (Protein) which breaks down our own lean muscle mass is known as _________. making glucose from a new source (Protein) Break down our own lean muscle mass. | Gluconeogenesis
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| Supplying your body with adequate carbs to prevent gluconeogenesis is known as the _________. | Protein-sparing action of carbohydrates
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| Making ketone bodies from fat fragments as an alternative fuel to glucose is known as ________. | ketosis
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| After we meet our energy needs and fill our glycogen stores, extra glucose is put back together and stored as _______. | fat
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| Low blood sugar/glucose accompanied by dizziness, sweating and shaking is known as _________. | Hypoglycemia
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| High blood sugar/glucose accompanied by excessive urination, thirst, hunger is known as ________. | hyperglycemia
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| Normal blood glucose level is _______. | 70-110 mg/dL
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| _______ transports glucose from the bloodstream into the cells. | insulin
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| _______ releases glucose from the liver in response to low blood sugar. | glucagon
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| “fight or flight” hormone | epinephrine
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| The _______ produces insulin and glucagon. | pancreas
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| What are the health effects of high sugar diets? | nutrient deficiencies, dental carries
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| % of kcals that should come from carbohydrates | 45-65%
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