Nutrition - Exam 2 - Part 1 - Carbohydrates
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What are the 2 simple carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides, Disaccharides
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What are complex carbohydrates also known as? | Polysaccharides
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What are the 3 complex carbohydrates (or polysaccharides)? | glycogen, starches, fiber
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What are the 3 monosaccharides? | glucose, fructose, galactose
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What monosaccharide is commonly known as blood sugar? | glucose
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What monosaccharide is an essential energy source for the body? | glucose
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What monosaccharide is the sweetest of all sugars? | fructose
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What monosaccharide occurs in fruits and honey? | fructose
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What monosaccharide rarely occurs as a single sugar? | galactose
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Glucose, fructose and galactose all have what molecular formula? | C6H12O6
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______ is the linking of two monosaccharides together which creates h2o. | condensation
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______ is the splitting of molecules using water. | hydrolysis
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glucose + glucose = _________ | maltose
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glucose + fructose = __________ | sucrose
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glucose + galactose = __________ | lactose
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What are 3 disaccharides? | maltose, sucrose, lactose
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What disaccharide is a minor constituent of barley? | maltose
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What disaccharide gives natural sweetness to fruits, veggies and grains and is commonly known as table sugar? | sucrose
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What disaccharide is milk sugar? | lactose
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What is the storage form of glucose in the body? | glycogen
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What is the storage form of glucose in plants? | starches
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What is the structural parts of plants found in veggies, fruits, grains, legumes? | fiber
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In what type of complex carbohydrates can bonds not be broken and is not digestible by human enzymes? | fibers
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Whole legumes, raw potatoes, and unripe bananas have fibers known as what? | resistant starches
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Glycogen is made and stored in the ______ and ______. | liver, muscles
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______ fibers dissolve in water. | soluble
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______ fibers are viscous (form gels). | soluble
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______ fibers are fermentable (digested by bacteria in the colon) | soluble
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_______ fibers are found in legumes and fruits and lower cholesterol and blood glucose. | soluble
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______ fibers do not dissolve in water. | insoluble
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______ fibers are nonviscous (do not form gel) | insoluble
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______ fibers are found in grains and veggies, promote satiety, and promote bowel movements and prevent constipation. | insoluble
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The ultimate goal of digestion and absorption of sugars and starches is to break them into molecules of ______. | glucose
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______ is the main energy source for the brain. | glucose
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In the mouth, ______ hydrolyzes starch to shorter polysaccharides and maltose. | salivary amylase
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______ delay gastric emptying. | fibers
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The primary site of carbohydrate, fat, and protein digestion is the ________. | small intestine
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_______ breaks down polysaccharides into shorter glucose chains and disaccharides. | pancreatic amylase
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How long can our glycogen stores last? | 24 hours
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The making of glucose from a new source (Protein) which breaks down our own lean muscle mass is known as _________. making glucose from a new source (Protein) Break down our own lean muscle mass. | Gluconeogenesis
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Supplying your body with adequate carbs to prevent gluconeogenesis is known as the _________. | Protein-sparing action of carbohydrates
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Making ketone bodies from fat fragments as an alternative fuel to glucose is known as ________. | ketosis
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After we meet our energy needs and fill our glycogen stores, extra glucose is put back together and stored as _______. | fat
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Low blood sugar/glucose accompanied by dizziness, sweating and shaking is known as _________. | Hypoglycemia
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High blood sugar/glucose accompanied by excessive urination, thirst, hunger is known as ________. | hyperglycemia
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Normal blood glucose level is _______. | 70-110 mg/dL
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_______ transports glucose from the bloodstream into the cells. | insulin
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_______ releases glucose from the liver in response to low blood sugar. | glucagon
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“fight or flight” hormone | epinephrine
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The _______ produces insulin and glucagon. | pancreas
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What are the health effects of high sugar diets? | nutrient deficiencies, dental carries
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% of kcals that should come from carbohydrates | 45-65%
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