Origins, Insertions, Actions and Inervations of Shoulder Muscles
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| Anterior Deltoid | O:Lateral third of the clavicle
I:Deltoid tuberosity
A:Shoulder abd, flexion, IR, horizontal add
N:Axillary nerve (C5,C6)
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| Middle Deltoid | O:Acromion process
I:Deltoid tuberosity
A:Shoulder abduction
N:Axillary nerve (C5,C6)
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| Posterior Deltoid | O:Spine of scapula
I:Deltoid tuberosity
A:Shoulder abd, extension, hyperextension, ER, horizontal abd
N:Axillary nerve (C5,C6)
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| Supraspinatus | O:Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I:Greater tubercle of humerus
A:Shoulder abduction
N:Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
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| Pectoralis Major, Clavicular Portion | O:Medial third of clavicle
I:Lateral lip of bicepital groove of humerus
A:Shoulder flexion-first 60 degrees
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| Pectoralis Major, Sternal Portion | O:Sternum, costal cartilage of first six ribs
I:Lateral lip of bicepital groove of humerus
A:Shoulder extension-first 60 degrees (from 180-120)
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| Pectoralis Major, Sternal and Clavicular Portions | O:Medial third of clavicle and sternum and costal cartilage of first six ribs
I:Lateral lip of bicepital groove of humerus
A:Shoulder add, IR, and horizontal add
N:Lateral and medial pectoral nerve (C5,C6,C7,C8,T1)
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| Latissimus Dorsi | O:Spinous processes of T7-L5, posterior surface of sacrum, illiac crest, and lower three ribs
I:Medial lip of biciptal groove of humerus
A:Shoulder extension, add, IR, hyperextension
N:Thoracodorsal nerve(C6,C7,C8)
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| Teres Major | O:Axillary border of scapula near inferior angle
I:Crest below lesser tubercle next to the latissimus dorsi muscle attachment
A:Shoulder extension, adduction, and IR
N:Subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
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| Infraspinatus | O:Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I:Greater tubercle of humerus
A:Shoulder ER, horizontal abduction
N:Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
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| Teres Minor | O:Axillary border of scapula
I:Greater tubercle of humerus
A:Shoulder ER, horizontal abduction
N:Axillary nerve (C5,C6)
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| Subscapularis | O:Subscapular fossa of scapula
I:Lesser tubercle of humerus
A:IR
N:Subscapular nerve(C5,C6)
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| Coracobrachialis | O:Coracoid process of scapula
I:Medial surface of humerus near midpoint
A:Stabilizes shoulder joint
N:Musculocutaneous nerve (C6,C7)
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| Upper Trapezius | O:Occipital bone, nuchal ligament on cervial spinous processes
I:Outer third of clavicle, acromion process
A:Scapular elevation and upward rotation
N:Spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI)
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| Middle Trapezius | O:Spinous processes of C7 through T3
I:Scapular spine
A:Scapular retraction
N:Spinal accesory (cranial nerve XI)
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| Lower Trapezius | O:Spinous processes of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae T4-T12
I:Base of the scapular spine
A:Scapular depression and upward rotation
N:Spinal accesory (cranial nerve XI)
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| Levator Scapula | O:Transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae,C1-C4
I:Vertebral border of scapula between superior angle and spine
A:Scapular elevation and downward rotation
N:Third and fourth cervical nerves and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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| Rhomboids | O:Spinous processes of C7 through T5
I:Vertebral border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle
A:Scapular retraction, elevation, and downward rotation
N:Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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| Serratus Anterior | O:Lateral surface of the upper eight ribs
I:Vertebral border of the scapula, anterior surface
A:Scapular protraction and upward rotation
N:Long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7)
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| Pectoralis Minor | O:Anterior surface of third through fifth ribs
I:Coracoid process of the scapula
A:Scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation, and tilt
N:Medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)
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