Nutrition 300, test 1
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| Define Nutrition. | The science of foods, their substances, and how they are used by the body.
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| Define Undernutrition. | Failing health from longstanding poor dietary intake.
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| Define RDA. | Recommended Dietary Allowance - Intakes of nutrients that fit the needs of almost all people of similar age/gender.
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| Define AI. | Adequate Intake - Established amount less firmly believed to be adequate for everyone.
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| Define UL. | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels - Highest level of daily consumption that has no side effects.
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| Define DV. | Daily Value - Standard nutrient intake values.
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| Define Calorie. | Energy needed to increase 1 litre of water by 1 degree celsius.
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| Sources of credible nutritional information: | - Government health agencies
- Reputable consumer groups
- Registered Dietician
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| List 6 components of a research article: | 1. Abstract
2. Background
3. Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. References
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| Name 3 immune system organs: | 1. Liver
2. Lymph nodes
3. Thymus
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| Name 3 immune system cells: | 1. Phagocytic
2. B-cell Lymphocytes
3. T-cell Lymphocytes
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| Name 6 classes of nutrients: | 1. Fats
2. Proteins
3. CHO
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
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| List 4 energy-yielding nutrients: | 1. Protein
2. CHO
3. Fats
4. Alcohol
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| Name 2 inorganic nutrients: | Water and minerals
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| Name 4 organic nutrients: | 1. Fats
2. Proteins
3. CHO
4. Vitamins
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| List 4 macronutrients: | 1. Water
2. Cho
3. Proteins
4. Fats
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| List 2 micronutrients: | Vitamins and minerals
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| What are the elements of CHO? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
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| What is the function of CHO? | Energy
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| What are sources of CHO? | Grains and legumes
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| What are the elements of fats? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
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| What are the functions of fats? | Energy, hormones, cell membranes, insulation, etc.
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| What are sources of fats? | Oils, animal products, and nuts
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| What are the elements of protein? | Carbon, Hyrdogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
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| What are the functions of proteins? | Energy, muscles, enzymes, antibodies, etc.
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| What are sources of protein? | Legumes, grains, and animal products
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| What are the elements of vitamins? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and some Nitrogen and minerals
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| What are the functions of vitamins? | Co-enzymes, antioxidants, and hormones
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| What are sources of vitamins? | All foods
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| What are the elements of water? | Hydrogen and Oxygen
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| What are the functions of water? | Transport nutrients, waste removal, body temperature, lubricant, and chemical reactions
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| What are sources of water? | Water, other drinks, fruits and veggies
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| What are the elements of minerals? | The elements themselves
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| What are the functions of minerals? | Co-enzymes, chemical reactions, bone/teeth strength, blood clotting, oxidation/reduction
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| What are sources of minerals? | All foods
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| Name 8 functional units of the body: | 1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Liver
5. Pancreas
6. Small intestine
7. Large intestine
8. Anus
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| Define Tissue. | Groups of similar cells working together to perform a similar task.
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| Define Organ. | Group of tissues that perform a specific function.
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| Define Cell. | The living basis for plant and animal organization.
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| Define Epithelial Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Cells that cover the inside and outside of the body's surface.
Functions - Absorb nutrients, secrete important substances, and remove waste
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| Define Connective Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Supports and protects body via structures.
Functions - Stores fat, produces blood cells
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| Define Muscle Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Relaxes and contracts
Functions - Permits movement
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| Define Nervous Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Found in brain and spinal cord
Functions - Transmits nerve impulses
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| Define Sickle Cell Anemia. | Genetic disease that creates incorrect red blood cells.
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| What nutrients should vegetarians focus on? | Proteins, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12.
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| Define lipoprotein. | Compound in blood containing core of fat and shell of protein, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
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| Define Lipoprotein Lipase. | Enzyme attached to Endothelial cells.
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| Define Hydrolsis. | When a compound is broken down by water.
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| Define Condensation. | A bond is formed between two molecules by eliminating a smaller molecule.
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| What are the 3 forms of Motility? | 1. Peristaltic waves
2. Segmentation
3. Sphincters
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| Define Peristaltic Waves. | Wave-like muscle contractions that pushes food down the GI tracts for digestion and then absorption.
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| Define Segmentation. | Mixing motion over length of digestive tract.
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| Define Sphincters. | Circular muscles that relax and contract to control flow.
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| List 3 forms of Absorption. | 1. Passive
2. Facilitated
3. Active
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| Define Passive Diffusion. | Material moves from high concentrated to low concentrated area.
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| Define Facilitate Diffusion. | Passive transport via integral proteins.
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| Define Active Transport. | Movement of substance against its concentration gradient.
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| List factors that predict heart disease. | -Diet
-Weight
-Exercise
-Age
-Genetics
-Gender
-Blood Pressure
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| List effects of low protein intake. | -Weight loss
-Muscle and fat loss
-Growth impairment
-Fatty liver
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| What are 2 complex CHO? | Starch and Glycogen
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| What are 2 simple CHO? | -Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides
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| List 3 classifications of Monoaccharides. | 1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose
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| List 3 classifications of Disaccharides. | 1. Maltose
2. Lactose
3. Sucrose
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| What is the cause of Ketosis? | Incomplete fatty acid oxidation forms too many keytone bodies.
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| Define Hydrogenation. | Addition of Hydrogen to a carbon-carbon bond.
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| Define Hepatic Portal Vein. | Vein that drains the liver.
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| Define Enterohepatic Circulation. | Recycling of compounds between small intenstine and liver.
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| List 3 categories of fats. | 1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Sterols
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| List 3 groups of protein quality. | Complete - animal
Incomplete - plant
Complementary - combined plants
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