nervous system & behavioral health chapter 15
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| enchephal/o | brain
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| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain
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| encephalosclerosis | abnormal condition of hardening of the brain
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| echoencephalography (echoEG) | the process of recording the brain using sound waves
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| ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG) | a record of the electrical activity of the brain
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| electroencephalograph | the machine that records the electrical activity of the brain
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| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) encephalopathy | a disease condition of the brain caused by the virus that can result in Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum
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| The cerebrum is the | largest part of the brain
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| The cerebrum contains your | 1. Memories 2. Hopes 3. Dreams 4. Wishes 5. Fantasies 6. Imagination 7. Desires
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| The cerebrum is the part of the brain that houses your | individuality
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| cerebral thrombosis | abnormal condition of a thrombus (clot) in the cerebrum
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| -sclerosis | hardening
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| cerebral infarction | occlusion of an artery in the cerebrum (can cause a stroke)
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| cerebral cortex | the outer portion of the cerebrum
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| cortex | outer portion
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| cerebral angiography | process of recording the vessels (blood) of the cerebrum
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| cerebral medulla | the middle or inner portion of the cerebrum
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| cerebral aneurysum | a weakness in an arterial septum of the cerebrum
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| aneurysum | a weakness in an arterial septum (wall)
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| cerebral concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) where the neurological deficits last LESS than 24 hours
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| cerebral contusion | Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) where the neurological deficits last MORE than 24 hours
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| craniocerebral | pertaining to the cranium (skull) and the cerebrum
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| the brain in made up of sections called | lobes
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| lobotomy | surgical incision of a lobe
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| lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe
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| hemisphere | half of a sphere (brain)
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| the brain also has chambers called | ventricles
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| cerebell/o | cerebellum
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| the cerebellum is located at the | posterior base of your brain
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| cerebellum is responsible for | balance and equilibrium
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| cerebellar | pertaining to the cellebellum
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| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum
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| tax/o | coordination
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| ataxia (ataxic) | a condition of no coordination (take a taxi when uncoordinated)
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| the brain stem is made up of the | 1. Pons 2. Medulla oblongata 3. Midbrain
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| The brain stem is responsible for regulation of your | 1. Ventilation (breathing) 2. Blood Pressure (BP) 3. Heart Rate (HR)
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| myel/o | spinal cord
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| polio myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord caused by the polio virus
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| myelogram | a record of the spinal cord
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| Lumbar Puncture (LP) | surgical puncture to aspirate CerebroSpinal Fluid (CSF) AKA "spinal tap"
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| mening/o, or meningi/o | meninges
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| The meninges are protective tissue that surround the | brain and spinal cord
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| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges
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| meningioma | tumor or mass of a meninx
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| meningocele | herniation of a meninx
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| meningomyelocele | herniation of the spinal cord through the meninges
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| the meninges are made up of the | 1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid membrane 3. Pia mater (I gotta go..)
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| The space under the dura mater is called the | subdural space
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| the space under the arachnoid membrane is called the | subarachnoid space
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| subdural hematoma | a blood mass in the subdural space
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| subarachnoid hematoma | a blood mass in the subarachnoid space
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| neur/o | nerve(s)
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| neurologist | a specialist in the study of nerves
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| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve(s)
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| neurotomy | surgical incision of a nerve
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| neurectomy | surgical removal of a nerve
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| neuroplasty | surgical repair of a nerve
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| neurorrhaphy | suturing of a nerve
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| neuralgia | a condition of a nerve pain
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| neurosis (neurotic) | abnormal condition of a nerve
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| polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves (POLLY likes many crackers)
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| neurasthenia | a condition of nerve weakness
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| neuroma | a tumor or mass in a nerve
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| a neuron is a | nerve cell
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| sensory neurons allows you to | feel, taste, smell, hear and see
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| motor neurons allow you to | move
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| CNS | Central Nervous System
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| the CNS is made up of the | brain and spinal cord
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| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System
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| the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is made up of | all the nerves except the brain and spinal cord
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| The neurons of the PNS (peripheral nervous system) have the ability to | regenerate if damaged
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| The neurons of the CNS (central nervous system) do not have the ability to | regenerate if damaged
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| sciatica | inflammation of a sciatic nerve (leg)
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| sciatic | nerve in a leg
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| shingles (herpes zoster) | viral disease affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS) causing pain and vesicles (blisters) on the skin
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| shingles only occurs in people who have been infected with the | Vericella Zoster Virus (VZV) AKA chickenpox
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| ANS | Autonomic Nervous System
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| ANS (autonomic nervous system) is | involuntary (means that you do not have control)
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| The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) has two branches called the | 1. Parasympathetic nervous system 2. Sympathetic nervous system AKA "fight or flight reaction"
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| the parasympathetic nervous system controls the routine nervous functions such as | a. Normal Heart Rate (HR) b. Eupnea (normal breathing) c. Peripheral vasodilation (normal pink skin color) d. Bronchoconstriction (normal respiration) e. Pupillary constriction (normal visual field) f. Digestion (normal peristalsis and the absorption
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| The sympathetic nervous system controls the emergency nervous functions such as | a. Tachycardia to increase blood flow to tissues in orer to supply more O2 (oxygen) and remove more CO2 (carbon dioxide) b. tachypnea to increase blood flow to tissues in order to supply more O2 and remove more CO2 c. Pallor due to vasoconstriction of t
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| Shunt means | redirect, or divert, or detour
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| esthesi/o | feeling or nervous sensation
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| anesthesia (anesthetic) | a condition of (pertaining to) no feeling or nervous sensation
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| anesthesiologist | a specialist in the study of no feeling or nervous sensation
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| hyperesthesia (hyperesthesic) | a condition of (pertaining to) excessive nervous sensitivity to stimuli
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| a stimulus is a | change in your environment
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| psych/o, or ment/o | mind
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| psychology | the study of the mind
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| psychogenic | pertaining to originating in the mind
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| psychologist | a specialist in the study of the mind
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| psychosis (psychotic) | abnormal condition of (pertaining to) the mind
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| psychopathy (psychopathic) | a disease condition of the mind
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| psychosomatic | pertaining to the mind over body
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| mental | pertaining to the mind
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| pleg/o | a condition of paralysis AKA palsy
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| paralysis means | the inability to feel (sensory neurons) and move (motor neurons)
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| monoplegia (monoplegic) | a condition of (pertaining to) paralysis of one limb
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| quadriplegia (quadriplegic) | a conditin of (pertaining to) paralysis of the four extremities (Spinal Cord Injury--- SCI)
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| hemiparesis | partial paralysis of the right or left side of the body (brain damage)
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| -ict/o | seizure
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| preictal | pertaining to before a seizure
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| postictal | pertaining to after a seizure
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| monoparesis | partial paralysis of one limb
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| -paresis | partial paralysis
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| paraplegia (paraplegic) | a condition of paralysis of the lower trunk and both legs (spinal cord injury (SCI))
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| hemi- | half
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| hemiplegia (hemiplegic) | a condition of (pertaining to) paralysis of the right or left side of the body (brain damage)
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| partial paralysis means | you can feel it but cannot move it OR you can move it but cannot feel it
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| interictal | pertaining to between seizures
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| convulsion | sudden rapid involuntary contraction and relaxation of a group of muscles
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| A convulsion is a type of | seizure
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| seizures are associated with | epilepsy (epileptic)
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| tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal) (gin & tonic-clonic) | refers to the rapid contraction and relaxation of a group of muscles associated with seizures
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| aura | a warning of an impending seizure
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| -iatry | treatment (Tx)
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| psychiatry | treatment of the mind
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| kines/o | movement
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| bradykinesia (bradykinetic) | slow movement
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| hyperkinesia (hyperkinetic) | excessive movement
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| crani/o | cranium (skull)
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| intracranial hemorrhage | pertaining to a rapid flow of blood within the cranial (skull)
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| alges/o, -algia | pain
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| non-narcotic analgesic | pertaining to no pain with use of an Over The Counter (OTC) medicatin
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| cephal/o | head
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| cephalalgia | a condition of head pain AKA a HeadAche (HA)
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| glioma | a type of Brain Tumor (BT)
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| conscious | awake, alert, and aware
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| semi-conscious | partially awake, alert, or aware
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| Level Of Consciousness (LOC) include: | 1. Alert means awake and aware 2. Lethargy (lethargic) means mental sluggishness 3. Stupor (stuporous) means very groggy 4. Unconscious (unconsciousness) means state of being unaware of surroundings but will respond to stimuli 5. Coma (comatose) means
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| Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) | a standardized system to assess (evaluate) neurological impairment
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| cerebrospinal otorrhea | CerebroSpinal Fluid (CSG)draining from the ear(s)
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| papilledema | edema and inflammation of the optic nerve indicative of increased IntraCranial Pressure (ICP)
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| cognitive | pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgment, memory, and reasoning
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| MCI | Mild Cognitive Impairment
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| disorientation (disorientated) | a state of mental confusion to person, and/or place, and/or time AKA the three spheres
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| incoherent | unable to express one's thoughts in an intelligible manner
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| dementia, senility or Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS) | mental decline
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| vertigo | a whirling sensation of oneself or external objects (dizziness)
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| syncope (syncopal episode) | fainting
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| gait (stable or unstable) | the manner or style of walking
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| Neurological Vital Signs (NVS) | periodic assessment of a person's neurological status AKA neurological checks ("neuro checks")
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| Neurological Checks (NVS) include | 1. Alert + oriented x 3 (spheres) which is...highest level of consciousness with a clear understanding of person, place and time 2. PEARRLA which stands for Pupils Equal And Round, React to Light and Accommodation (focus) 3. Gait & reflex assessment
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | a diagnostic imaging technique using magnetics to obtain an image
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| Position Emission Tomography (PET) | X-ray picture slices of the brain after IntraVenous (IV) injection of a contrast (radiopaque) dye
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| AD | Alzheimer's Disease or right ear
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| ADHD | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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| MVA | Motor Vehicle Accident
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| CVA | Cerebral Vascular Accident AKA "stroke"
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| TIA | Transient Ischemic Attack AKA "mini or little stroke" (temporary)
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| MS | Multiple Sclerosis or (Morphine Sulfate)
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| TBI | Tramatic Brain Injury
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| CP | Cerebral Palsy
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| TENS | Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation which is used to... stimulate healing and for treatment of chronic pain (back)
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