Phys3 Fnc Anatomy & basic processes of Kidney
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| Read vander p2-4 for functions of kidney |
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| Cortex of the Kidney | Granular outer region that contains the glomeruli and tubules.
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| Medulla of the Kidney | Darker inner region that contains:
1.NO glomeruli.
2.Parallel arrangement of tubules.
3.small Blood vessels.
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| Medullary pyramids | the collecting ducts from a large portion of the medulla. Goes from cortex to minor calyces.
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| How are nephrons catagorized? | by the location of the renal corpuscle in the cortex:
1.Superficial nephron (Only extend into outer medulla).
2.Mid-cortical nephron.
3.juxtamedullary nephron (extend down into inner medulla).
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| Capillary endothelium in the glomerulus allow passage of everything except? | 1.Blood cells.
2.Platelets.
3.Large plasma proteins (ex: albumin)
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| Juxtaglomerular apparatus | 1.Extraglomerular matrix: cont w/ smooth muscle cells of afferent and efferent arterioles.
2.Macula densa: specialized epithlium of thick ascending limb where it contacts glomerulus.
3.Granular (juxtaglom) cells: in wall of afferent arteriole.
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| What is the function of the Granular (juxtaglomerular) cells | Production, storage, & regulation of renin.
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| Are the resistances in the afferent and efferent arterioles High or Low? | HIGH
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| What does the efferent arteriole turn into? | it travels deep into the medulla and turns into the hair pin loop called the VASA RECTA
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| Is the pressure in the peritubular capillary high or low? | LOW.
**good for providing O2 and nutrients and removing waste.
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| Renal Corpuscle consists of | 1.Glomerulus.
2.Bowman's capsule.
3.Bownan's space (this is where fluid filters).
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| 3 layers of the Filtration barrier | 1.Capillary endothelium.
2.Glomerular basement membrane.
3.Layer of epithelial podocytes.
**allows fluid movement, restricts protein movement.
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| Filtration slits | Formed between in the spaces b/w pedicles of podocytes.
**Covered in neg charged glycoproteins so filtration favors + charged solutes.
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| What do mesangial cells secrete and what happens when they contract | 1.Secrete extracellular matrix.
2.DECREASE surface area when they contract.
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| What do macula densa cells detect? | Salt.
**Contribute to GFR and renin secretion.
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| JGA contributes to control of | 1.RBF & GFR.
2.Na+ balance.
3.Systemic BP.
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| Innervation of the Kidney | Mostly SNS
**no significant PNS
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| Filtration | Fluid goes from glomerulus into Bowman's Capsule.
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| Secretion | Moves from pericapillary, across basolateral then apical membranes to lumen of tubule
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| Reabsorption | Moves from the tubule lumen, across apical then basolateral membranes back into pericapillary.
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| What does freely filtered mean? | Substance presents in the filtrate at the same concentration as found in the plasma.
**Protein binding will decrease filtration.
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| Glomerular filtrate | Fluid that has left the BL and entered bowman's capsule protein free.
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| Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | VOLUME of filtrate per TIME.
1.L/day:180.
2.ml/min:125.
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| When do you put a patient on dialysis? | when GFR drops below 12ml/min
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| Main functions of Proximal tubule | 1.Reabsorbs 2/3 of filtered water, Na, Cl.
2.Reabsorbs all of the organic substances (glucose, aa's).
3.Secretes waste and drugs (penicillin, morphine, urate)
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| Main Function of Loop of henle(thin descending & ascending, thick ascending) | Allow Na+ and Water movement in order to creat a hyposmotic solution entering the distal convoluted tubule.
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| main function of Distal & Connecting tubules | Reabsorb additional salt and water.
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| what are the cortical collecting tubules & ducts regulated by? their effects? | 1.Aldosterone: Inc Na+ reabsorption & Inc K+ secretion.
2.ADH: Inc water reabsorption.
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| With aldosterone present, do you have more or less Na+ present in urine? | LESS
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| With ADH, is urine more concentrated or dilute? | Concentrated (due to water reabsroption)
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| Organs influencing Hormonal control over the Kidney | 1.Adrenal cortex: aldosterone & cortisol.
2.Adrenal medulla: Epi & NE.
3.Pituitary (AVP/ADH).
4.Heart (ANP).
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| What effect does Cortisol have on the kidneys? | Inc GFR b/c it Inc glomerular BF.
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| What does SNS control in the kidenys? | 1.RBF.
2.GFR.
3.Renin release.
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