ch. 1-4 test #1
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bottom up processing | based on incoming data. Color, contrast, orientation
🗑
|
||||
| Top down processing | the meaning and knowlede
🗑
|
||||
| early selection model | the filtered step occurs before the incoming information is analyzed to determine meaning
🗑
|
||||
| letters presented to both ears, high load proccessing | early selection model
🗑
|
||||
| only meaningfull information gets to the | detector
🗑
|
||||
| identifies attended message based on physical characteristics ( pitch, spped, tone) | filter
🗑
|
||||
| late selection model | everything gets processed on meaning. Low load
🗑
|
||||
| dictionary unit | which contains stored words, each have thresholds for being activated.
🗑
|
||||
| attenuating theory of attention | instead of filter theres an attenuator. BOTH attended and unattended are let through
🗑
|
||||
| late selection is based on | meaning
🗑
|
||||
| early selection is based on | characteristics
🗑
|
||||
| high load task = | early selection
🗑
|
||||
| low load task= | late selection
🗑
|
||||
| more likely to be distracted in a | low load task
🗑
|
||||
| less likely to be distracted in a | high load task
🗑
|
||||
| Gamers are distracted in | both high and low load task
🗑
|
||||
| divided attention | attention to a number of things simultaneously. Ex. driving and talking on phone
🗑
|
||||
| factors that influence divided attention | practice, difficulty, type of task
🗑
|
||||
| effect of practice | became more automatic, reduces task load
🗑
|
||||
| harder it is the less | automatic
🗑
|
||||
| talking on phone is | cognitive processing
🗑
|
||||
| change blindness | difficulty detecting changes in scene
🗑
|
||||
| feature detectors | neurons such as simple, complex, and end-stopped cells, which fire in response to specific features of the stimuli
🗑
|
||||
| simple | oriented bar of light
🗑
|
||||
| complex | oriented bar of light moving in a specific direction
🗑
|
||||
| end stopped | oriented bar of light, with a specific length, moving in a specific direction.
🗑
|
||||
| Geons | more complex, 3D features detectors. Ex. cylinders or cubes
🗑
|
||||
| feature detectors are | both built in and based on experience
🗑
|
||||
| cerebral cortex | divided into four lobes: temporal, frontal, occipital, parietal
🗑
|
||||
| subcortical structures | below cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| amygdala | emotions
🗑
|
||||
| rely stationg ofr sensory info. (EXCEPT smell) vision, hearing, and touch | thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| memories | hippocampus
🗑
|
||||
| neurons | cells that are specialized to recieve and transmit info. in the nervous sys.
🗑
|
||||
| 180 billion cells with | 1000 connection for each
🗑
|
||||
| cell body | contains mechanism to kekpp cell alive (dendrites, axaon, nerve fiber, receptors)
🗑
|
||||
| dendrites | branch out from the cell body to receive electrical signals from other neurons
🗑
|
||||
| recepots are on the | dendrites
🗑
|
||||
| axon or nerve fiber | is a tube filled with fluid that conducts electrical signals.
🗑
|
||||
| neurons that are specialized to receive information from the environmen are called | receptors
🗑
|
||||
| transmit information throughout the body | neurons
🗑
|
||||
| transmit all electrical and chemical signals | neuron
🗑
|
||||
| transduction | one form of energy into another form of energy
🗑
|
||||
| action potential | recorded from neurons with tiny microelectrodes that are positioned inside or right next to the neurons axon.
🗑
|
||||
| electrical firing of a neuron | action potential
🗑
|
||||
| action potential becomes more positive because other neurons | fired
🗑
|
||||
| the strength of the firing never changes the | frequency increases or decreases
🗑
|
||||
| information about stimulis intensit is represented not by the size of the action potential | but by their rate of firing
🗑
|
||||
| two scenarios that can occur when neurotransmitters are released | excitatory and inhibitory
🗑
|
||||
| excitatory neurotransmitter | increase the chance that the next neuron will fire
🗑
|
||||
| inhinitory neurotransmitter | decrease the chance of neuron will fire.
🗑
|
||||
| broca's area | speaking, located in frontal lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Wernicke's area | understands sppech, located in temporal lobe
🗑
|
||||
| neural code | the pattern of neuron fires
🗑
|
||||
| distributed coding | the code that indicates a specific face is distributed across a number of neurons
🗑
|
||||
| each face is represented by a specific pattern of firing across a number of neurons. | the solution is distributed coding
🗑
|
||||
| Rolling ball ex. | when the ball rolls numberous neurons fire throughout the brain, for things like color, distance, speed
🗑
|
||||
| methods for studing hte physiological nature of cognition | single unit recording, ERP, PET, fMRI, brain lesioning
🗑
|
||||
| Provides information about what single unit neurons are doing | single-unit recording
🗑
|
||||
| ERP | tells you when activity occurs but not where
🗑
|
||||
| response of many thousands of neurons to a specific event | Event related potential (ERP)
🗑
|
||||
| Brain imaging | Good at where, but bad at when
🗑
|
||||
| Measure blood flow in the brain | brain imagin PET, fMRI
🗑
|
||||
| neuropsychology | study of the behavioral effects of brain damage in humans
🗑
|
||||
| Gestalt laws | seires of rules that specify how we perceptually organize parts into wholes
🗑
|
||||
| pragnanz | "law of simplicity" every stimulis pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible
🗑
|
||||
| similarity | similar things appear to be grouped together
🗑
|
||||
| good continuation | strait or smooth cury lines are seen as belonging together.
🗑
|
||||
| proximity of nearness | things that are near eachother appear to be grouped together
🗑
|
||||
| common fate | things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together
🗑
|
||||
| familiarity | tings are more likely to form groups if the groups appear familiar or meaningful.
🗑
|
||||
| n Cognition is adaptive | n Cognition seems to have developed to allow us to anticipate what is coming next and behave accordingly
🗑
|
||||
| n We can be aware or unaware of our own cognitive processes as they occur | (blank)
🗑
|
||||
| n Cognition is based in physiology | n Genes produce the physical building blocks of cognition
🗑
|
||||
| n Cognition is extremely complex | n We process billions of pieces of information almost instantaneously
🗑
|
||||
| n Cognition cannot be directly measured | n Use indirect methods of determining cognitive processes
🗑
|
||||
| low task load = | greater distraction
🗑
|
||||
| varying task load can lead to | more difficulty because it increases the task load
🗑
|
||||
| factors that lead to how you perceive a sound | Pervious experience, Contex, expectations
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ashley5273
Popular Psychology sets