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| Reciprocal Inhibition | The effect that occurs when a muscle contracts, obliging its antagonist to relax in order to allow normal movement to take place
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| Referred Pain | Pain felt in an area other than the source of the pain
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| Reflex | An involuntary response to a stimulus. Reflexes are specific, predictable, adaptive, and purposeful. Reflexive methods work by stimulating the nervous system ( sensory neurons ), and tissue changes occur in response to the body's adaptation to the neural
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| Reflexive Methods | Massage techniques that stimulate the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the chemicals of the body
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| Refractory Period | The period after a muscle contraction during which the muscle is unable to contract again
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| Resourceful Compensation | Adjustments made by the body to manage a permanent or chronic dysfunction
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| Soft Tissue | The skin, fascia, muscles, tendons, joint capsules, and ligaments of the body
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| Somatic | Pertaining to the body
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| Somatic Pain | Pain that arises from stimulation of receptors in the skin ( superficial somatic pain ) or in skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, and fascia ( deep somatic pain )
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| Spasticity | A state of increased muscle tone with exaggerated muscle tendon reflexes
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| Spindle Cells | Sensory receptors in the belly of the muscle that detect stretch
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| Sporadic | Occurring irregularly or haphazardly
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| Stimulation | Excitation that activates the sensory nerves
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| Stress | Any substantial change in routine or any activity that forces the body to adapt
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| Stressors | Any internal perceptions or external stimuli that demand a change in the body
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| Subluxation | An incomplete dislocation creating contact between joint surfaces
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| Subtle Energies | Weak electrical fields that surround and run through the body
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| Superficial Fascia | The connective tissue layer just under the skin
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| Superficial Pressure | Pressure that remains on the skin
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| Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System | The energy-using part of the autonomic nervous system, the division in which the fight-or-flight response is activated
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| Systemic Massage | Massage structured to affect one body system primarily. This approach usually is used for lymphatic and circulation enhancement massage.
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