Introducing Psychology
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| Define Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and the mind.
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| Major Subfields of Psychology | 1. Applied - (professional) mostly client based, largest subgroup, many in private practice.
2. Research - (academic) mostly teaching and/or research. Many in Universities and Colleges.
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| How Psychology is linked to other fields | Biology, Anthropology, Sociology, Computer Science, and Medicine.
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| Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist | Psychologist - can't prescribe medication
Psychiatrist - Specifically working with disorders, can prescribe medication.
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| Neuroscience | Examine structure and function of the nervous system in humans and animals ranging from an individual cell to overt behavior.
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| Research in Psychology | We seek answers using scientific method. (gather evidence)(controlled experiments)(analyze results)(draw conclusions). Apply findings to help people.
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| British Empiricism | Philosophers believed that all ideas and knowledge are gained through the senses.
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| Psychophysics | Understanding vision and other senses.
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| Theory of Evolution | The human mind is a product of the biological continuity between humans and other species.
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| Wilhelm Wundt's approach (Consciousness) | He campaigned to study the human mind and behavior. "Building Blocks".
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| Titchner and Structuralism | Studied conscious experience and it's structure.
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| Primary source of Gestalt Psychology | Goals : to describe the organization of consciousness and principles of perpetual organization.
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| Sigmund Freud's ideas about the unconscious mind | Conscious and unconscious mind, and the importance of childhood.
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| William James's Functionalism and it's relationship to the Theory of Evolution | Functionalism is the study of how the conscious mind allows an organism to survive and adapt to the environment.
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| John B. Watson's ideas about developing psychology as a science, and behaviorism | Only behavior can be observed, only study observable behavior(animal models).
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| B. F. Skinner's contribution to behaviorism | Animal models, hands on approach.
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| Biological Approach | Assume that behavior and mental processes are largely shaped by biological processes (nervous system, hormones, and other chemicals).
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| Evolutionary Approach | Emphasize the inherited adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes.
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| Psychodynamic Approach | Emphasize the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thoughts, feelings and behavior.
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| Behavioral Approach | Human behavior is determined by what a person has learned primarily through reward and punishment.
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| Cognitive Psychology | How the brain takes in and processes information, creates perceptions, makes and retrieves memories and generates patterns of action.
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| Humanistic Psychology | Behavior that is controlled by the decisions people make about their lives based on their perception of the world.
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| Diversity od people engaged in psychology has changed over time | Broadened the fields of study.
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| Sensitivity to Sociocultural factors in psychological studies | Different cultures have so many different views and behaviors.
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| Individualist vs. collectivist | individualist - make own decisions, self profit
collectivist - group persuaded decision not personal choice, society influence.
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