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science7ch7

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Question
Answer
Trait   a distinguishing quality that can be passed from one generation to another  
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Selective breeding   the breeding of organisms that have a certain desired trait  
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Mutation   a change in the order of the bases in an organism's DNA (3 types: deletion, insertion, substitution  
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Natural selection   The process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than organisms without the favorable trait  
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Adaptation   A characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment  
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Evolution   The process by which populations accumulate inherited changes over time  
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Fossils   Solid remains or imprints of a once living organism - they are often preserved in rock  
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Separation (speciation)   Two populations become isolated from each other  
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Adapation (speciation)   If the population that is isolated either changes or dies  
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Division (speciation)   The separated populations no longer are the same species.  
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Overproduction   The ability of a species to produce far more offspring than can possibly survive  
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Genetic variation   Each individual has unique combination of traits  
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Struggle to survive   Due to limited resources only some individuals survive to adulthood  
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Successful reproduction   Individuals that are well adapted to the environment and have better traits will be able to reproduce and survive  
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Charles Darwin   Developed an explanation for evolution called natural selection  
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Vestigial structures   Remains of structures in an individual that were once useful but are no longer useful to the individual  
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