Chapter 14
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| 2 components of whole blood | blood plasma, formed elements
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| 3 components of blood plasma | protiens, water, other solutes
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| 3 main protiens found in blood | albumins, globulins, fibrogen
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| 6 solutes commonly found in blood | electrolytes, nutrients, gasses, regulatory substances, vitamins, waste products
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| what is the definition of a formed element? | red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
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| what er the 3 classes of formed elements? | red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
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| 5 classes of white blood cells | neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
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| relationship between erythrocyte and erythropoesis? | formation of RBC's is erythropoesis, and this process creates erythrocytes.
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| relationship between reticulocytes and red blood cells? | a reticulocyte is an immature red blood cells
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| neutrophil | type of wbc with a pale lilac stain and combination of basic dyes.
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| monocyte | largest type of wbc characterized by a granular cytoplasm. function: phagocytosis
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| eosinophil | combats the effects of histamine in allergic reactions, antibody functions
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| B, T, and Nastural Killer cells | mediate immune responses, anitibody reactions, attack viruses, attack infections and cancer/tumor cells
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| what is hemostasis? | a sequences of responses that stop bleeding when blood vessels are injured
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| 3 methods of hemostasis | vascular spasm, platlet plug formation, blood clotting
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| hemorrage | the loss of a large amount of blood from vessels
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| vascular spasm | the muscle around the injured vessel contracts cutting off blood loss
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| platelet plug formation | when blood platelets come into contact with the injured blood vessel, they stick together and forma a plug to block the blood loss.
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| clotting | fibrin in the blood forms a clot to block the loss of blood
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| thrombus VS emblous | thrombus- a blood clot, can dissolve spontaniously. emblous- blood clot, air bubble, basicallly any debris in the blood
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| pulmonary embolism | when an embolus gets lodged in the lungs. can result in DEATH
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| reticylocyte | counting the volume of reticulocytes in a samle of blood that measures the rate of erythropoesis
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| hematocrit | counting the percent of a blood samplethat is composed of RBC's. Can diagnose anemia.
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| differincial WBC count | wounts different forms of Wbc's to assess for infectionsand making of wbcs.
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| complets blood count | measure the volume of blood components to see if anything is out of range.
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| -emia | blood condition
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| erythro- | red
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| gluco- | sugar, glucose
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| glyco- | sugar, sweet
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| hemo, hemato | blood, hemorrage
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| -rrhagia | hemorrage, excessive discharge
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| phlebo | vein
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| thrombo | blood clot
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| what makes blood groups differnt from each other? | presence or absence of certian antigens
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| how is type A diff from type b? | use a Rbcs to diplay when antigen A is present, they have type A. if antigen B, then type B.
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| HOw is AB diff from A or B? | type AB has both A and B antigens
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| what does anti-antigen A do? what does anti-antigen B do? | a- anti-A antibody reacts with anitegen A< B reacts with B
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| who has an anti-A antibody? who does not? | antigens ofn the surface of RBC's , but antiblody B is in your blood plasma.
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| who has an anti-B antibody? who does not? | B antigens on the surface of RBC's , but A- antibodies in the blood plasma.
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| what happens in an incompatible blood transfusion? | the antibodies in the recipients plasma bind to antigens on the donated RBC's. when antigen antibody complexes form, they cause hemolysisand release hemoglogin into the plasma.
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| what is the diff between Rh+ and Rh- blood? | People whose RBC's have the Rh antigen are Rh+, and those who lack are Rh-
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| anemia | a condition which whr oxygen carrying capactity of blood os reduced. SYmptoms: fatigue, intolerance of cold, pale skin
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| what is the cause of Iron-dificiency anemia? | inadequate absorption of iron, excessive iron loss, insuffiecent iron intake
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| what is the cause of pernicious anemia? | insuffient hemopoiesisresulting from an inibility of the stomach to produce intrinsic factor.
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| what is the cause of hemorrhagic anemia? | excessive loss of RBC's throuch bleeding resulting from serious injuries, ect.
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| what is the cause of hemolytic anemia? | inherited defects or from outside agents such as paracites , toxins, ect.
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| what is th cause of thalassemia(anemia)? | abnormallity in the 4 polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin molecule
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| What is the cause of aplastic anemia? | destruction of red blood marrow caused by toxins, gamma rays, certain meds.
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| What are the symptoms and causes of sickle cell anemia? | causes: RBC's contain an abnormal kind of hemoglobincalled S or HbS.
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| hemophilia | causes: differnces or different blood clotting factors symptoms: hemorraging, nosebleeds, blood i urine
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| luekemia | mature leukocytes accumulate in the bloodstream because they dont die at the end of their lifespan.
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