Woodruff-8th grade test- Earth Science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Lithosphere is the earth's (water, rock, air) layer | rock
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| Hydrosphere is the Earth's (water, rock, air) layer | water
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| Atmosphere is the Earth's (water, rock, air) layer | air
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| Weathering means (breakdown, carry away) | breakdown
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| Erosion means (breakdown, carry away) | carry away
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| Physical weathering | breakdown and keep the same substance (root action)
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| Chemical weathering | breakdown and get a new substance (rust)
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| Name four forces of erosion | gravity, wind, water and glaciers
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| Wind and moving water make sediments what shape? | round
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| Gravity and glaciers make sediments in what shape? | angular
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| Earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults are found near _____. | plate boundaries
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| Earthquakes produce what kind of waves? | P, S, and L waves
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| ____ waves are primary waves and go through solids and liquids. | P
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| _____ waves are secondary waves that only go through solids. | S
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| _____ waves are longitudinal waves that run along the earth's surface. | L
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| The _____ is the outer layer of earth. | crust
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| The ocean crust is (thinner, thicker) than the continental crust. | thinner
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| What is the earth's second layer? (crust, mantle, inner core, outer core) | mantle
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| ______ in the mantle moves in currents which causes the tectonic plates to move. | magma
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| Which layer of the earth is solid? (crust, mantle, inner core, outer core) | inner core
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| Which layer of the earth is liquid? (crust, mantle, inner core, outer core) | outer core
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| The outer core of the Earth's crust is (solid, liquid). | liquid
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| All the continents fit together as one super continent called | Pangea
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| Magma in the mantle rises through the cracks in the ocean floor causing _________. | seafloor spreading
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| Sea floor spreading is proven by ______ of the rocks with their relationship to the _____ of the crack. | age, distance
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| Daily conditions of the atmosphere | weather
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| Yearly average of the daily weather. | climate
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| Name the four layers of the atmosphere | troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere
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| Which layer of the atmosphere contains water? | troposphere
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| What are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere? | nitrogen (78%) and oxygen ( 21%)
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| Air temperature is measured with a | thermometer
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| air pressure is measured with a | barometer
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| Humidity is measured with a | hygrometer or psychrometer
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| moisture in the air | humidity
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| wind is caused by | uneven heating of the earth's surface
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| wind speed is measured with a (an) | anemometer
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| wind direction measured with | wind vane
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| Wind is named by _____ | the direction in which it came from
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| Name the three cloud types | cumulus, stratus and cirrus
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| Name five forms of precipitation | rain, hail, snow, sleet, and drizzle
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| Rain is measured with a ____ | rain guage
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| Incoming solar radiation | insolation
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| Warm air (rises, sinks) and cold air (rises, sinks). | rises, sinks
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| What causes the different angles of insolation? | the earth's round shape
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| Deflection or turning of the wind and ocean currents caused by the earth's rotation | coriolis effect
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| Contains the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration | water cycle
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| Climate is affected by 3 things | latitude, bodies of water and mountains
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| The side of the mountain that is near the body of water and receives wind and clouds | windward side
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| The side of the mountain that has very little wind and drier climate | leeward side
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| Air mass gets its characteristics from ____ | the area it's formed over
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| Name the four main types of air masses | polar, tropical, continental, and maritime
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| What type of pressure systems bring dry weather and clear skies? | high
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| What type of pressure system brings cloudy and damp weather? | low
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| A _____ front is when a cold mass pushes on a warm mass | cold
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| A _____ front is when a warm mass pushes on a cold mass | warm
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| ______ is found along fronts | precipitation
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| Lines that connect points of equal temperatures | isotherms
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| Lines that connect points of equal pressure | isobars
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| Harmful substances that cause pollution | pollutants
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| What is it called when carbon dioxide is trapped in the atmosphere causing global warming? | greenhouse effect
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| The earth's spin on an axis is called _____ | rotation
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| The earth's rotation rate is ____ degrees per hour in ____ hours | 15, 24
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| The apparent motion of the sun and the length of the day is determined by | rotation
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| Orbit around the sun | revolution
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| Earth's revolution rate | 365 days
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| The pull of gravity is (weaker, stronger) closer to the sun | stronger
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| List the three reasons for the seasons | the earth's tilt, revolution, and parallelism of the axis
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| The winter solstice is on ______ | Dec. 21
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| The summer solstice is on ______ | June 21
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| The vernal equinox is on ______ | March 21
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| The autumnal equinox is on ______ | Sept. 23
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| 9 hours of daylight, and we are in perihelion (close to the sun) | winter solstice- Dec. 21
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| 15 hours of daylight and we are in aphelion (far from the sun) | summer solstice- June 21
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| 12 hours of daylight and the sun strikes at the equator | March 21 and Sept. 23
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| The lower the angle of the sun, the _____ your shadow | longer
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| Low angles of the sun occur _____ and at _____ | winter, sunrise and sunset
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| _____ model is when the sun is in the center | heliocentric
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| Model when the earth in the center | geocentric
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| Name the planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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| _____ separates the solid planets from the gaseous planets which are between Mars and Jupiter | Asteroid belt
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| The farther the planet is from the sun, the longer the _______ | revolution
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| The ____ orbits the Earth and spins on its axis at a rate of _____ days | Moon, 29 1/2
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| The moon's revolution equals its _____ | rotation
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| The ______ of the moon are the changes in the shape caused by the earth's view of the moon | phases
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| The six phases of the moon are | new, crescent, half, gibbous, and full
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| A _____ occurs when the earth, sun and moon line up | eclipse
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| A _____ eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the earth's shadow | lunar
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| A ____ eclipse occurs when the moon casts its shadow on the earth | solar
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| The earth's _____ are caused by the moon's gravity | tides
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| In space a rock is called a _____ | meteoroid
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| In the atmosphere, a rock is called a _____ and on earth it is called a ____ | meteor, meteorite
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| The earth is in the solar system which is in the ______ galaxy which is in the ______ | Milky Way, universe
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| light year | distance light travels in one year
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| The color of the star determines its _____ | temperature
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| A red star has a ______ temperature | cool
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| A blue star has a ______ temperature | hot
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| ______ is the main fuel of the sun | Hydrogen
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| ______ and dust make a star. | Gas
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| Star life cycle: star to stable star to compact star to _______ to nova to _______ | red giant, white dwarf
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| All rocks are composed of ______. | minerals
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| Physical properties of minerals are ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____. | streak, hardness, color, luster, cleavage
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| Chemical properties of minerals are tested by the _____ test | acid
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| The internal arrangement of atoms determines the mineral's _______. | properties
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| Hot liquid rock below the crust is called ______ and above the crust is called _____. | magma, lava
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| Igneous rock is made by cooling ______. | magma
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| Sedimentary rocks are made by ______ and ______ | compression and compaction
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| _______ rocks contain fossils. | sedimentary
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| _____ rocks are any rocks exposed to magma again causing heat and pressure | Metamorphic
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| The ____ rock layer is on the bottom. | oldest
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| A wavy line in a rock means | erosion
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| Black hair-like lines in rocks means _____. | magma made contact
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| Latitude lines are _____ and ____ and never touch. | North, South
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| Longitude lines are ____ and ____ and meet at the poles. | east, west
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| Contour lines connect equal points of ______. | elevation
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| The contour _____ connect equal points of elevation. | lines
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| As you increase in elevation or altitude, air pressure _____. | decreases
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