Lytle APES Laws and Treaties - Pollution
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| Clean Air Act (CAA) (1970) | Regulates emissions from both mobile and stationary sources, as well a hazardous emissions;establishes National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect human health.
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| Clean Water Act (CWA) (1972) | Regulates the discharge of pollutants into waterways and establishes quality standards for surface waters, including industry wastewater standards.
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| Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (1980) | Provides for federal $ to be used for the cleanup of hazardous waste sites. If a responsible party can be ID'd the EPA can make them pay for remediation. If they can't be ID'd or if they can't pay, ”Superfund” money will pay for remediation of the site.
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| Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act (EPCRA) (1986) | Protects communities from harmful effects of hazardous chemicals. Requires companies to disclose info. about toxic substances they're emitting into water, air & land sources. Also mandates each sate establish a State Emergency Response Commission (SERC).
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| Noise Control Act (1972) | Works toward reducing and eliminating noise pollution that poses a threat to human health and welfare.
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| Marine Protection, Research,and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) (1988) | AKA the Ocean Dumping Act, prohibits the dumping of anything into the oceans, either transported from or into US waters, w/out a permit. A permit's issued only when it's been determined the activity won't overly degrade or endanger the marine community.
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| Ocean Dumping Act | See the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA)
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| Oil Pollution Act (OPA) (1990) | Addresses the prevention of & response to catastrophic oil spills, including a tax on oil used to clean up spills when the responsible party is incapable or unwilling to do so. There are several provisions regarding planning and prevention as well.
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| Oil Pollution Prevention Act (OPP) (1990) | Mandates that facilities with oil or fuel storage capacity greater than 1,320 gallons create spill prevention,control,and countermeasures (SPCC) plans.
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| Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) (1990) | Examines the efficient reduction of pollution through changes in production, operation, & the use of raw materials. The goal is to address pollution issues at the source prior to production, instead of after.
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| Resource Conservation and Recovery Act( RCRA) (1976) | Controls hazardous waste throughout its entire life cycle, including generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal. RCRA also manages nonhazardous solid waste.
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| Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) (1974) | Serves to protect drinking water sources, both above and below ground. Minimum Standards are set for drinking water quality.
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| Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) (1986) | Reauthorized cleanup activities of hazardous waste sites through CERCLA (see above).This includes amendments, clarifications of definitions, and technical requirements to CERCLA and also authorized the EPCRA (see above.)
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| Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (1976) | Establishes reqs for the reporting, recording, & testing of chemical substances, & restrictions on these substances, including production, importation, use, & disposal of them. Some substances aren't included as they're regulated under specific laws.
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| Basel Convention of the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1992) | Controls the transport of hazardous waste between nations. Also focuses on management practices & the reduction of toxicity of waste through monitoring of storage, transfer, recycling & disposal of wastes.
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| Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) (1979) | Aims to limit & reduce air pollution with the long-term goal of eliminating it completely. Also includes transboundary pollution that travel extended distances. Strategies are developed to reduce air pollution through collaboration & the sharing of info.
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| International Convention of Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Cooperation(1995) | Participants must create procedures for handling oil pollution incidents. This includes reporting the event, having equipment ready to handle a spill, running practice drills for handling an accident, & responding to help others in the event of a spill.
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| Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (PIC) (1998) | Aims to protect human and ecosystem health through proper use of potentially harmful pesticides and industrial chemicals. It also promotes sharing of information and responsibility.
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| Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) (2004) | Established to ban or phase out 12 of the worst persistent organic pollutants(POPs), including DDT, eight other pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and furans. These were called the “dirty dozen.”
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