Dark Ages-Reformation
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| Hugh Capet | Chosen by great lords of France as king in 987
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| William, Duke of Normandy | AKA William the Conquerer of England
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| 1066 England | William the Conquerer
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| Pope Nicholas II | tried to limit outside influence by decreeing only cardinals could chose popes
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| 1059 decree | Pope Nicholas II decreed that only cardinals could elect popes
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| Henry IV | Struggled with Gregory VII for supremacy, lost, repented at Canossa
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| Pope Gregory VII | pope that gained sway over Europe's rulers, instituted celibacy
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| Summa Theologica | Thomas Aquinas
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| Scholasticism | Thomist, reason and faith reconciled
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| Pope Urban II | first crusade
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| Lay Investiture | when HRE would appoint high clergy and give them lots of land=like vassals
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| Event in 1055 | First Crusade
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| Pope+First Crusade | Pope Urban II+major event
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| Pope Boniface VIII | Issued Unam Sanctam
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| Philip the Fair | King of France, arrested Boniface VIII, arranged "Babyloniam Captivity"
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| John Wyclif | translated Bible into English 1st, believe organized church not necessary for salvation
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| John Huss | believe one could have salvation w/o organized church, protested supremacy of Germans in Bohemia, burned at the stake
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| Pope Martin V | elected to end great schism, restored papal authority
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| Event in 1348 | Black Plague 1st struck Europe
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| Jacqueries | French peasants that rebelled in 1358 in response to plague and economic controls
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| Wat Tyler's Rebellion | Peasant rebellion in England in 1300s
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| Hundred Years War | between England and France beginning in 1337
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| War beginning in 1337 | Hundred Years War
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| Unam Sanctum | issued by Pope Boniface VIII in 1392 that said all humans subject of pope
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| Bull issued in 1302 | Unam Sanctum
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| Avignon | "Babylonian Captivity" @ ______
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| The Great Schism was between _____ | Rome and Avignon
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| The Great Schism was in ____ | Religious Event in 1378
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| Lollards | followers of John Wyclif
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| Council of Constance | ended Great Schism
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| Simony | selling a church office
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| Petrarch | "father of humanism," poet, classicist
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| Dante | Divine Comedy
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| Cosimo Medici | 1384-1464, unofficial ruler of Florence
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| Lorenzo the Magnificent | Medici, poet, patron of the arts
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| Coluccio Salutati | humanist chancellor of Florence in 1375
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| Bruni | Wrote history of Florence which seperated past and present
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| Lorenzo Valla | textual criticism
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| Castoglione | Book of the Courtier
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| Machiavelli | The Prince
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| Fuggers | German banking family
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| Gutenberg | printing press
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| Copernicus | Heliocentric Theory
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| Regiomontamu | mathematical conception of universe
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| Imitation of Christ | Thomas a Kempis
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| Founded sisters and brothers of Common Life | Gerard Groote
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| Erasmus | humanist, enlightened discussion, anti-corruption in clergy, 1466-1536
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| In Praise of Folly | By Erasmus
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| English King 1485-1509 | Henry VII ruled from _____
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| Henry VII | ended War of Roses, 1st Tudor
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| Star Chamber | created by Henry VII
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| Louis XI | Valois line, French king from 1461-1483
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| Ferdinand of Aragon married.... | Isabella of Castile married...
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| Maximillian I | Hapsburg HRE, pushed for strong monarchy, sought power through marriages
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| Charles V | HRE 1519-1556, very powerful, controlled Austria, Netherlands, Burgundy, Castile, Aragon etc.
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| Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges | Gallican church independence
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| Concordat of Bologna | agreement between King Francis I and Pope Leo X in 1516 that recinded Pragmatic Sanction, agreed to pay annates, but king could appoint high clergy
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| Pope Leo X | pope that dealt with Condordat of Bologna
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| Frederick of Saxony III | elector of ____, protected Luther when he was banned at Worms Diet
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| HRE that dealt with Martin Luther | Charles V dealt with _____ at diet of ____
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| Tetzel | sold indulgences
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| John of Leyden | anabaptist, took over Munster and ruled with terror in 1534
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| King of England from 1491-1547 | Henry VIII ruled from _____
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| Bloody Mary | Queen that tried to re-Catholicize England
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| Council of Kent | banned indulgences at this council
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| Schmalkaldic war in | War in Germany 1546
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| Schmalkaldic League vs. | Charles V vs. _______ league
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| Peace of Augsburg | ends Schmalkaldic war, Cuius regio eius religio, victory for protestants
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| Worms Diet in | Religious event in 1521
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| Act of Supremacy declared by | Henry VIII
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| Thirty-nine Articles | Defined Creed of Anglican church under Elizabeth I in 1563
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| Defense of the Seven Sacraments | Written by Henry VIII to refute Luther
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| 95 Theses date | Religious event in 1517
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| Francis I didn't like _____ | Charles V's "supremacy" thrwarted by __________
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| Pope Paul III | called for Council of Trent, authorized Jesuits
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| St. Ignatius Loyola | founded Jesuits
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| Book by Loyola | Spritual Exercises
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| Council of Trent | First called in 1537, 1st actually met in 1545, met intermittently for 20 years
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