Patho terms 1
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| Pathology | Study of changes in structure related to disease/death
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| Pathophysiology | Study of how disease affects body function
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| Health | Ability to maintain homeostasis in normal conditions
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| Disease | Being unable to maintain homeostasis in normal conditions
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| Etiology | Study of the CAUSE of DISEASE
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| Genetic | A disease, condition, or trait inherited as a result of a single gene
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| Congenital | Disease, condition, or trait present at birth
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| Acquired | Disease, condition, or trait developed due to exposure
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| Idiopathic | Disease, condition, or trait without a clearly identified cause
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| Signs | EVIDENCE of a disease that is OBJECTIVE and can be MEASURED
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| Symptoms | EVIDENCE of a disease that is SUBJECTIVE and cannot be measured
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| Pathogenesis | The COURSE of a disease from ONSET to CONCLUSION
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| Acute | Disease that DEVELOPS and RESOLVES RAPIDLY
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| Chronic | Disease that DEVELOPS GRADUALLY and lasts LONGER than 3 MONTHS
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| Remission | Lessening severity of symptoms of a disease
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| Exacerbation | Increase in severity of symptoms or signs of disease
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| Local | Condition that is confined to one area
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| Systemic | Condition that affects the entire body
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| Endoscopy | Procedure that uses a fiber optic camera to view internal structures of the body
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| Radiodensity | Ability of an object to STOP or SLOW radiation
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| X-RAYS | Visual recording of differences in RADIODENSITY of anatomical structures
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| Contrast X-RAYS | X-Rays that use contrast media to increase radiodensity of select fluids to produce an image of the structure containing them
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| Ultrasound | Visual recording using soundwaves reflecting off objects in the body
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| Electrocardiogram | Recording of electrical activity of the CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM (ECG)
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| Electroencephalogram | Recording of electrical activity of the brain, most often the cerebral cortex (EEG)
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| Spirometry | Measures breathing- Any procedure used to measure a persons ability to move AIR or capacities of respiratory system. (Pulmonary function tests)
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| Chemotherapy | Use of chemicals to kill cells in the body. ( Two main types to kill cancer cells OR microorganisms)
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| Pharmacological | Use of DRUGS to TREAT disease
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| Palliative | Any treatment that relieves signs & symptoms without curing the disease.
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| Prognosis | Prediction of the likely outcome or consequences of having a disease
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| Sequela | Consequence of a previous disease
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| Complications | Consequence of a disease you currently have
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| Terminal | A disease likely to cause death
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| Trauma | Damage of a harmful amount of energy. (Mechanical, electrical, radiation, thermal)
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| Deficiency | Lacking in something essential
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| Intoxication | Being exposed to a toxic level of something
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| Hypertrophy | To increase in size
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| Atrophy | To decrease in size
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| Hyperplasia | Increased number of cells (through mitosis)
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| Metaplasia | Change in cell or tissue shape
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| Dysplasia | Irregular or abnormal replacement cells
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| Neoplasia | Growth of cells/tissues into new areas, resulting in a tumor. (Benign, or malignant)
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| Inflammation | Protective response of tissue to injury or infection or irritation(increased blood flow, pain, to region and leukocytosis)
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| Pyrogens | Chemicals that cause fever
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| Leukocytosis | Increased white blood cell production
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| Exudate | Excess fluid that accumulates at inflammation site. (High levels of proteins and neutrophils(WBC)
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| Serous Exudates | Thin, clear, watery fluid that accumulates at inflammation site
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| Purulent Exudate | Thick, creamy white or yellow fluid that accumulates at inflammation site (Pus)
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| Suppurative inflammation | Response to injury or infection leading to production of pus
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| Regeneration | Replacing damaged tissue through mitosis, restoring to its original condition
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| Repair | Replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue
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| Adhesions | Binding of two surfaces by scar tissue
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| Keloid Scarring | Over production of scar tissue, often resulting in a mass that is painful or tender (dermis, subcutaneous layer)
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| Contracture | Shortening of scar tissue over time OR shortening of muscle tissue as a result of fibrotic changes
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| Stenosis | Narrowing of any canal or opening
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| Sclerosis | Process of hardening. As a result of scar formation or accumulation of plaques
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| Necrosis | Tissue death
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| Prodromal stage | Early stage in development of a disease or infection characterized by lack of appetite and energy. "Coming down with something"
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| Anaphylaxis | Severe systemic allergic response characterized by vasodilation (cause severe drop in blood pressure) and bronchoconstriction (result-difficulty breathing)
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| Immunosurveillance | Immune systems constant search for an antigen
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| Immunotolerance | Immune systems ability to recognize and not attack tissues within the body
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| Incubation | Development of infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until first CLINICAL signs/symptoms
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| Acute stage | Time during infection when clinical signs/symptoms begin to develop
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| Benign | A Nonmalignant neoplasm (tumor)
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| Malignant | A cancerous neoplasm (tumor)
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| Angiogenesis | Development of new blood vessels, especially capillaries
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| Tumor Markers | Proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in blood screenings
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| Carcinoma | Malignancy originating in epithelial tissues
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| Sarcoma | Malignancy originating in connective tissue
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| Glioma | Malignancy originating in tissue of the CNS
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| Carcinogenesis | Process of developing a Malignant neoplasm (tumor)
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| Initiators (of cancer) | Carcinogens that INCREASE rate of cancer cell production by activating oncogenes
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| Promoters (of cancer) | Carcinogens that DECREASE the body's ability to find/fight cancer cells by damaging tumor suppressing genes
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