anatomy & physiology of the ear+abbrevs
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| outer ear: | external ear;sound waves travel through the air
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| middle ear: | tympanic cavity; sound waves travel through the bone
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| inner ear: | labyrinth; sound waves travel through fluid
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| 3 major bones in the tympanic cavity: | Malleus,Incus & Stapes
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| in the labyrinth is the: | Cochlea; a snail shaped structure filled with fluid called perilymph
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| labyrinth contains the organ: | corti;which has nerve cells that transmit impulses to the auditory nerve which then transmit these impulses to the brain
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| Vestibule & Semicircular; | also found in the labyrinth but are used for balance NOT hearing
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| Eustachian Tube: | connects the tympanic cavity to the pharynx. it equalizes pressure on the outer&inner surfaces of the eardrum
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| Anacusis: | Complete deafness; also called anacusia
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| Conduction impairment | blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear(conduction pathway)
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| labyrinthitis: | inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process
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| Meneire disease: | Disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing
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| noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) | condition cause by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing,caused by sounds that are "too long,too loud, or too close"
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| otitis externa: | Infection of the external auditory canal
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| presbyacusis: | Impairment of hearing resulting from old age;also called presbyacusia
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| Pressure equalizing tubes: PE | tubes are inserted through the tympanic membrane, commonly to treat chronic otitis media; also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes
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| tinnitus: | perception of ringing,hissing or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present.
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| vertigo: | Hallucination of movement, or a feeling of dizziness or spinning
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| audiometry: | measurement of hearing activity at various sound wave frequencies
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| caloric stimulation test: | Test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear(acoustic nerve)to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo
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| electronystagmography: ENG | Method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles
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| otoscopy: | Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope
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| otoplasty: | Corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna
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| Rinne: | Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC) of sound
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| Weber: | Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time.
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| Tympanoplasty: | Reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty
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| Medication; Antiemetics: | treats & prevents nausea,vomiting,dizziness & vertigo by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear motion or inhibiting stimuli from reaching the part of the brain that triggers nausea & vomiting
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| Medication; Otic analgesics: | Provide temporary from pain & inflammation associated with otic disorders
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| Medication; Wax emulsifiers: | Loosen & help remove impacted cerumen
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| AC | air conduction
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| AS | left ear
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| AD | right ear
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| AU | both ears
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| BC | bone conduction
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| ENT | ears,nose,throat
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| NIHL | noise-induced hearing loss
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| OM | otitis media
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| PE | Pressure Equalizing tube
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| URI | upper respiratory infection
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