Anatomy and physiology
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| what are the forces responsible for normal inspiration | Atmospheric pressure due to weight of the air is the force that moves air into the lungs
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| What are the forces responsible for normal expiration | force responsible is from elastic recoil of lung tissues and from surface tension
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| What is the function of iron | enables hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells to carry oxygen
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| What is the function of calcium | structure of bones and teeth
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| what is the function of phosphorus | metabolic reactions
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| what is the function of potassium | maintains osmotic pressure and regulate pH
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| what is the function of sulfur | amino acids, thiamine, insulin and biotin
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| what is the function of sodium | osmotic pressure and regulate water movement
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| what is the function of Chlorine | osmotic pressure, regulate pH
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| What is the function of magnesium | metabolic reaction
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| in a typical U.S. diet how much of the percentage of total body image is supplied by carbohydrates | 50%
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| The American heart association recommends what percentage of calories of a person's diet should be derived from fat and protein | 30%
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| The amounr off oxygen released from oxyhemoglobinincreases when carbon dioxide concentration increases | 75%
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| what is the first event in inspiration | atmospheric pressure due to the weight of the air
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| The renal corpuscle is composed of what | filtering unit with blood capillaries (glamorous) and a surrouding thin walled saclike structure called glomerular capsule
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| What is urine composed of | 95% water and contains urea and uric acid and may have a trace of amino acids and elctrolytes
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| What happens if the arteriole that supplies the blood to the glomerulus becomes constricted | Can result in kidney failure
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| what is the countercurrent mechanism and where does it primarily function | primarily functions in nephron loops, it ensure that the medullary intertitial fluids becomes hypertonic
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| function of the kidneys | main function is to regulate the volume, compostion, and pH of body fluids
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| An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure in an increase in the rate of what | Capillary pressure
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| what is extra-cellular fluid | similiar in composition, high concentration of sodium, chloride, calcium, and bicarbonate ions, and lesser concentration of potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and sodium ions
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| what is intra-cellular fluid | high concentrations of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium ions, greater concentration of sulfate ions and lesser sodium, chloride, and bicarbonare ions. has greater concentration of protein than plasma
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| What regulates the movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments | intracellular and extracellular composition
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| a person in a moderate enviroment probably would lose the greatest amount of water by what means | exercise adn lack of hydration
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| Acid base buffer systems minimize pH changes by what mechanism | bicarbonate buffer system, phosphate buffer system, protein buffer system
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| define the acid base buffers in blood | H+ dorps carboxyl group can becoame ionized, releasing hydrogen thus resisting pH change
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| What are the bronial tree and branches | composes of secondary or lobar and bronchi (2 on left and 3 on right) branches: right and left primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, intralobular bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, aveolar ducts, alveolar sac, aveo
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