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Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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on it to display the answer.
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| The right and left cerebral hemisphere are separated from each other by _____. | Longitudinal Fissure
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| Fast pain is localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers. | True
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| The amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus are involved in such feelings as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain. | True
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| A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a _____ neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter _____. | preganglionic; ACh
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| The occipital lobe is | the principal visual center of the brain
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| These are all accessory structures of the eye except | Cornea
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| The _____ is an especially important center of autonomic control. | Hypothalamus
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| Vitamin A is a necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin. | True
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| Muscarinic receptors bind | Acetylcholine
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| Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by | Hypothalamus
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| The Wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language. | True
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| The cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) of the eyeball. | True
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| When you travel in an elevator, the _____ senses when the elevator is moving. | hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi
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| The hippocampus and amygdala are structures found in | Limbic system
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| The primary olfactory cortex is located in the | Temporal lobes
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| The medulla oblongata originate from | The myelencephalon
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| The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are found in | Medulla oblongata
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| Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the _____ ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the _____. | lateral, third, and fourth; superior sagittal sinus
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| Nerve fibers from all regions of the retina converge on the _____ and exit the eye by the way of the optic nerve | Optic disc
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| Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely to be related to a lesion in the | Cerebellum
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| _____ is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the thalamus. | Smell
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| Acetylcholine (ACh) always has an excitatory effects. | False
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| Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by | Chemoreceptors
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| The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are derivatives of the embryonic | Diencephalon
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| Somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes. These are all reasons for this except | effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord
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| Pain, heat, and cold are detected by | free nerve endings
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| The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a local electrical change specifically called | receptor potential
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| This is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face. | Trigeminal Nerve (V)
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| The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the | Skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis
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| Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium. | True
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| This enzyme breaks down norepinephrine(NE) | Monoamine axidase (MAO)
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| Sympathetic nerve fibers are not associated with situation involving | Digestion
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| The crista ampullaris is associated with | Dynamic equilibrium related to angular acceleration
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| In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called _____ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to _____ its beats per minute. | Baroreceptors; decrease
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| Purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum | True
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| _____ are responsible for photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision. | Cones
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| Which structures allow upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity? | The auditory tube
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| These are all features of the sympathetic division except _____. | it has long preganglionic fibers
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| White rami carry _____ neurons, while gray rami carry _____ neurons. | myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic
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| Half of the fibers of each nerve decussate at the _____. | Optic chiasm
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| _____ is the background rate of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. | Autonomic tone
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| Sympathetic Fibers do not release _____. | Nitric Oxide (NO)
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| Sympathetic fibers only arise from the _____ region(s) of the spinal cord. | Thoracic and Lumbar
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| The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion. | True
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| Binding of Norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor is inhibitory. | True
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| From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in this order: | Duramater, arachoid, pia mater
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| This organ does not have nociceptors: | Brain
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| You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell fades. What explains this phenomenon? | The phasic nature of the sense of smell
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| ______ nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing. | Splanchnic
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| Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are normally active simultaneously. | True
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| Stimuli produced by soundwaves reach the brain following the pathway: | Auditory canal –> tympanic membrane –> ossicles –> oval window –> cochlear duct -> spiral organ –> fibers of cochlear nerve
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| Most fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system travel in _____. | The vagus nerve
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| Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in _____. | The thalamus
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| The neurotransmitter associated with autonomic ganglia is | Acetylcholine
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| Preganglionic fibers run from | Posterior root ganglia to autonomic ganglia.
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| The ovulated egg is at | Metaphase II
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| The most abundant estrogen of pregnancy is _____, but the one that accounts for the most of the estrogenic effects in pregnancy is ________. | Estriol; Estradiol
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| When do the testes start secreting testosterone? | in the first trimester of fetal development
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| Mammary glands develop within the breast primarily | during pregnancy
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| After puberty, the vaginal lining becomes ____ to _____. | stratified squamous epithelium; resist abrasion
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| The ______ is the gonad and the ________ is the gamete. | testis; sperm
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| The _____ arteries rhythmically constrict and dilate causing the uterine mucosa to blanch and flush with blood. | spiral
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| The first haploid stage of spermatogenesis is prophase II. | False (telophase I)
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| The penis is homologous to | the clitoris
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| _____ are feminizing hormones. | estrogens
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| The slow block refers to the mechanism that prevents fertilization of another egg when one is already pregnant. | False
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| Why would an enlarged prostate gland interfere with urination? | it compresses the urethra
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| The basis of pregnancy test kit is the presence of ______, which is secreted by the _______. | human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg); blastocyst and placenta
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| _____ have 46 chromosomes, whereas _______ have 23. | primary spermatocytes; spermatids
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| Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulates the corpus luteum to grow and secrete estrogen and progesterone. | True
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| By volume, most of the semen is produced in the | seminal vesicles
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| Which one of three organ systems shows the greatest anatomical change in the transitional period after birth? | Circulatory system
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| The ovarian cycle typically lasts about 28 days, with day 1 considered to be the first day after ovulation. | False
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| In the female fetus, the absence of testosterone results in the development of the external genitalia into clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora. | True
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| A sperm count any lower than ______ million sperm per mL of semen is usually associated with infertility (sterility). | 20 to 25
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| Which hormone suppresses spermatogenesis without affecting testosterone secretion? | Inhibin
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| Sperm must travel to the distal end of the uterine tube to encounter the egg before it dies. | True
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| Men have only one ________ but have two of all the rest of these. | prostate gland(s)
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| Gonads begin to develop | 5 to 6 weeks after fertilization
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| The number of ovarian follicles declines with age, leading to a reduction of estrogen levels. | True
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| ______ inhibits the secretion of ________ during the female sexual cycle. | estradiol and progesterone: FSH and LH
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| Muscular weakness tends to develop in old age for all of the following reason except. | Myocytes do not synthesize myosin anymore.
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| After expelling the oocyte, the follicle becomes the _______ and secretes ________. | corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
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| Prior to ejaculation, ________ in the sperm plasma membrane prevents premature release of _____. | cholesterol; acrosomal enzymes
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| Which of the following is an androgen? | testosterone
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| Trophoblastic nutrition refers to the nutrition of the conceptus before it implants. | False
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| The penile urethra is enclosed by the | corpus spongiosum
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| The _____ phase is the one associated with menstrual cramps and typically occurs _______ of the cycle. | premenstrual; days 27 to 28
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| During implantation, the embryoblast undergoes gastrulation. | True
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| ________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________. | luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
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| Oogenesis starts | during embryonic development
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| The presence of the Y chromosome guarantee the development of male secondary sex organs. | True
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| The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is | the pampiniform plexus of veins
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| As it implants, the conceptus is nourished by means of | trophoblastic nutrition
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| Which of these organ systems faces the greatest physiological challenge in the transitional period after birth? | respiratory system
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| Which of the following major events of prenatal development happens first? | the central nervous system begins to form
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| The appearance of pubic and axillary hair is a stage specifically called | pubarche
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| A follicle is | an oocyte enclosed in follicular or granulosa cells
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| Congenital anomalies can result from all of the following except. | smoking during lactation
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| The uterus is a thick muscular chamber inferior to the urinary bladder. | False (superior)
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| At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes. | False
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| Telomeres | are DNA segments at each end of a chromosome.
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| Which of these blood hormone levels reaches its maximum during the luteal phase? | progesterone
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| During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. | several follicles are developing antrums
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| The heat loss of the neonate is compensated for to some extend by the thermal insulation provided by brown fat. | True
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| These all have potentially teratogenic effects except | sunlight
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| Senescence of the immune system makes older people more subject to cancer and disease because of a decline in | antigen-presenting cells and helper T-cells
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| Erection is | an autonomic reflex mediated predominantly by parasympathetic nerve fibers
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| An infant’s only source of nutrition during the first 2-3 days postpartum is | colostrum
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| During the follicular phase, granulosa cells secrete _____, which stimulates secretion of _____. | Estradiol; LH
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| All of the following play a role in thermoregulation of the testes except | the bulbospongiosus muscle.
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| The _____ is an example of the female external genitalia. | Clitoris
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| Which of the following events happens first? | the acrosomal reaction
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| Oogenesis starts | during embryonic development
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| The observation that there is a limit to how many times a cell can divide is the basis for the | replicative senescence theory
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| The first body cavity is called the | coelom
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| The nonpregnant uterine wall consists mostly of _____, which is composed of _____. | Myometrium; bundles of smooth muscle
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| Primary germ layers are formed during | Implantation
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| The _____ completely encloses the embryo and provides a stable environment for it. | Amnion
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| Testosterone stimulates development of the secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis, and libido. | True
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| In early pregnancy, _____ stimulates growth of the corpus luteum. | Human chorionic gonadotropin
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| The _____ provides fetal nutrition and secretes hormones that regulate pregnancy and fetal development. | Placenta
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| Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini. | True
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| Which of the following are primary sex organs? | Ovaries
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| Oxygenated blood reaches the fetus through the | umbilical vein
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| Senescence begins at different ages and progresses at different rates in different organ systems. | True
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| During the plateau phase, the glans and clitoris swell as the _____ arteries dilate and the corpus or corpora ______ engorge with blood. | Deep; cavernosa
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| The first 6 weeks of postpartum life constitute | the neonatal period
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| In the excitement phase, the uterus rises from its forward-tilted (anteverted) position. | True
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| The term menstrual cycle specifically refers to | the cyclic changes in the uterus determined by shifting hormonal changes
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| The ovulated egg is | a secondary oocyte
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| Changes called male climacteric are a consequence of | increased secretion of FSH and LH
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| The process that makes it possible for sperm to penetrate the egg is called | capacitation
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| Which is the longest stage of labor? | The dilation (first) stage
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| Unlike men, women lack a refractory period and may experience successive orgasms. | True
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| Lutein cells develop from | The theca interna
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| When it is cold, the _____ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm. | Cremaster muscle
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| Prolactin is secreted during pregnancy to stimulate milk synthesis so that milk will be available by the time the infant is born. | True
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| The basis for contraceptive pills is that they mimic the _____ feedback effect of _____. | Negative; estrogens and progesterone
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| As a result of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, the final cells produced are called _____, but they and all the stages leading up to them an be called _____. | Gametes; germ cells
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| Myotonia of skeletal muscles is characteristic of the excitement phase and refractory period. | True
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| In meiosis, each parent cell produces | four haploid cells
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| Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach. | False
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| These are all accessory organs of the digestive system except | spleen
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| Most fat is digested by pancreatic lipase. | True
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| Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus? | Podocytes
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| The _____ regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow, and its neurons are found in the _____. | Enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externa
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| Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein? | Interlobular v. > arcuate v. > interlobar v. > renal v.
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| Hypocalcemia stimulates | secretion of parathyroid hormone
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| A renal pyramid voids urine into | the minor calyx
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| The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLP) | transports glucose and sodium from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells
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| The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue. | True
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| Enamel is found in the crown of a tooth, whereas dentin is part of both crown and root. | True
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| _____ is a hormone, whereas _____ is an enzyme. | Secretin; pepsin
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| Proteins are digested by different enzymes acting in the following sequence | pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase
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| The enterogastric reflex serves to | inhibit gastric motility when there is chime in the small intestine
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| Pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to the hormone | cholecystokinin (CCK)
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| Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation? | Diuretics
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| The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is | To supply salt and urea to the renal medulla
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| Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence. | True
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| The brush borders of intestinal absorptive cells contain numerous goblet cells. | True
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| The enteric nervous system regulates much of the digestive activity but its action depends on the central nervous system. | False
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| The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestines fro the abdominal wall are called. | Mesenteries
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| The ____ of the small intestine is/are similar to the _____ of the stomach. | Intestinal crypts; gastric pits
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| The small intestine is suspended from the abdominal wall by | the mesentery
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| This by-product of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste. | Urea
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| The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as what? | The myogenic mechanism
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| The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water | True
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| Chylomicrons are secreted from the basal surface of the absorptive cells and taken into the lacteal in the villus. | True
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| _____ is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions. | The gastric phase
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| Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine? | Triglycerides
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| Chemical digestion breaks down _____ into _____. | Nucleic acids; nucleotides
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| The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below. | False (posterior)
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| The muscle tone of the _____ along the colon contracts it lengthwise, causing its walls to bulge and form pouches called ______. | Taeniae coli; haustra
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| Which muscle is located in the bladder? | Detrusor
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| Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except | preventing sodium loss in the urine
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| _____ break(s) down _____. | Peptidases; proteins
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| Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system? | Collecting duct
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| Which is not a function of the kidneys? | They release waste into the bloodstream
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| Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract. Which one has them in the correct order from lumen to external surface? | Lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
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| The innermost layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as | the fibrous capsule
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| Both pancreatic juice and bile are secreted into the duodenum. | True
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| The countercurrent multiplier recaptures _____ and is based on fluid flowing in _____ direction in two adjacent tubules. | Sodium; the opposite
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| Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by | the proximal convoluted tubule
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| Defecation is stimulated by | stretching of the rectum
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| The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate. | True
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| Micturition is another term for | the elimination of urine
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| Which organ system does not excrete waste? | The cardiovascular system
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| Infants have _____ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have _____ permanent teeth. | 20; 32
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| The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the | glomerulus
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| In a healthy kidney, very little _____ is filtered by the glomerulus. | Protein
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| The swallowing center is located in | the medulla oblongata
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| Carbohydrate digestion begins in the _____, whereas protein digestion begins in the _____. | Mouth; stomach
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| All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of | the thin segment of the nephron loop
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| Which of these is the site of contact digestion? | Brush border of the small intestine
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| Aldosterone acts on | the distal convoluted tubule
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| Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except | glucose
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| Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by forming | chylomicrons
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| Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach. | True
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| Pepsinogen is produced by _____ and is activated by _____. | Chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCL) secreted by parietal cells
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| In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by | deaminating amino acids
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| _____ is the physiological process that moves a nutrient from the outside to the inside of the body. | Absorption
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| Gastric juice consists entirely of water and hydrochloric acid. | False
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| Blood plasma is filtered in | the renal corpuscle
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| These are normally found in saliva except | protease
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| Acid reflux into the esophagus (heartburn) is normally prevented by | the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
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| Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone? | Decreased urine volume
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| _____ transport lipids to the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells, which process them into _____. | Micelles; chylomicrons
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| Renin hydrolizes angiotensinogen released from the _____ to form angiotensin I. | Liver
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| Hydrochloric acid (HCL) is secreted by _____ cells. | Parietal
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| The small intestine has a very large absorptive surface associated with these structures except | rugae
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| A hepatic (portal) triad consists of | bile ductule, branch of hepatic artery, and branch of hepatic portal vein
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| Bacterial flora carry out all of the following except | digest most of the proteins we get in the diet
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| Odor, sight and taste stimulate salivatory nuclei in the cerebral cortex. | True
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| _____ is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. | Glucagon
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| Negative feedback inhibition occurs when | Thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary
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| This hormone plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness. | Melatonin
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| Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect. | True
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| _____ has more target cells in the body than any of the others | Growth Hormone (GH)
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| These are all secreted by the pancreas except | Somatotropin
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| T4 and T3 are _____ hormones that are mainly transported _______ in the blood. | Monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
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| ______ aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant). | Basophils
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| The hypophyseal portal system connects | The anterior pituitary (adendohypophysis) with the hypothalamus
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| Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via | Negative Feedback inhibition
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| ______ is not a steroid hormone | Insulin
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| These are all hypothalamic hormones except | Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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| Even a small quantity of hormone can have a strong effect on its target cell because of | Up-regulation
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| What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? | The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
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| The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) secretes | Oxytocin (OT)
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| Many hours after a meal, alpha (a) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans) secrets. | Glucagon, which raises blood glucose
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| Prostaglandins have all of the following roles except. | To stop fever and pain
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| The ______ secrete ________, which promotes NA+ and water retention | Adrenal cortex; aldosterone
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| The ______ secrete a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes, alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system. | The thyroid gland
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| The infundibulum is | A projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs
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| The _______ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function. | Kidney
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| _________ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells). | Thymus
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| This gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions. | Ovary
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| ________ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue and stimulate their physiology. | Paracrines
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| The initial response to stress is called ______ and is mediated mainly by ______. | The alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine.
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| Endocrine glands | Release their secretions directly into the blood.
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| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the | Kidneys
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| Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones. | True
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| The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation (stress responses) sets in only if protein reserves are depleted. | False
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| Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of | Fibrinogen
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| When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by | Plasmin
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| Many RBCs die in the | Spleen and liver
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|
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| Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood | False
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|
||||
| Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by | Negative feedback inhibition
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| Blood does not | Produce plasma hormones
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| The ABO blood group is determined by ______ in the plasma membrane of RBCs. | Glycolipids
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| The main reason why an individual AB, RH-negative cannot donate blood to an individual A, RH-positive is because | Anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.
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| Leukopoiesis begins with differentiation of | Pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs)
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| Most clotting factors are synthesized in the | Liver
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|
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| The blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs. | False
🗑
|
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| All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except | The presence of tissue thromboplastin
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|
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| Type AB blood has ______ RBC antigen | A and B
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| A deficiency of _____ can cause pernicious anemia | Vitamin B12
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|
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| The viscosity of blood is due more to _______ than to any other factor. | Erothrocytes
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|
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| These are the least abundant formed elements. | Basophils
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| Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory. | True
🗑
|
||||
| Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBC's antigens. | True
🗑
|
||||
| After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis. | True
🗑
|
||||
| Platelets release _______, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm. | Serotonin
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|
||||
| Platelets do not secrete | Throbopoietin
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|
||||
| Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow. | True
🗑
|
||||
| _______ is not found in plasma | Glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by | A negative feedback loop
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac muscle shares this feature with skeletal muscle. | Cardiac muscle fibers have striations
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|
||||
| When the left ventricle contracts, the ______ valve closes and the ______ valve is pushed open. | Mitral, aortic
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|
||||
| Mitral valve stenosis causes blood to leak back into the _____ when the ventricles contract. | Left atrium
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|
||||
| Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by | Pressure gradients
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|
||||
| This is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left ventricle (LV) | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje Fibers, Cardiocyte in LV
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|
||||
| The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of | Slow Ca2+ channels
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|
||||
| The ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole | False
🗑
|
||||
| Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the ventricles contract. | True
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac muscle can only use glucose as source of organic fuel. | False
🗑
|
||||
| Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the ______ of the electrocardiogram. | R wave
🗑
|
||||
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle | Can cause systemic edema
🗑
|
||||
| The Frank- Starling Law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to | The end-diastolic volume
🗑
|
||||
| The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only. | True
🗑
|
||||
| Cells of the sinoatrial node _______ during the pacemaker potential | Depolarize slow
🗑
|
||||
| _________ is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart. | Parietal pericardium
🗑
|
||||
| ________ increases stroke volume. | Increased venous return
🗑
|
||||
| The pacemaker potential is a result of | NA+ inflow
🗑
|
||||
| This is the correct sequence of the cardiac cycle | Ventricular filling> isovolumetric contraction> ventricular ejection> isovolumetric relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| The _________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction. | Sarcoplasmic reticulum
🗑
|
||||
| Atrial systole begins __________ | Immediately after the P wave
🗑
|
||||
| The triscupid regulates the opening between _________ | The right atrium and the right ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| The pulmonary circuit is supplied by the left and right sides of the heart. | False
🗑
|
||||
| Which of these is not part of the cardiac conduction system. | The tendinous cords (TC)
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|
||||
| An abnormal cardiac rhythm is call a | Arrhythmia
🗑
|
||||
| ________ carry oxygen-poor blood. | Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries
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|
||||
| Atrial depolarization causes | The P wave
🗑
|
||||
| Oxygen poor blood passes through | The right AV valve and pulmonary valve
🗑
|
||||
| During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles | Rises rapidly
🗑
|
||||
| Most of the ventricle filling occurs | During atrial diastole
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|
||||
| Blood flow is pulsatile in arteries and veins, but it is steady in capillaries. | False
🗑
|
||||
| ___________ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens. | Eosinophils
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|
||||
| Hypertension is commonly considered to be chronic resting blood pressure higher than | 140/90
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|
||||
| These are all vessels of the lower limb except | The anterior interocosseous artery
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|
||||
| _________ by the capillaries at the venous end. | Oxygen and glucose are taken up
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|
||||
| T cells undergo positive selection in the thymus, which means | They multiply and form clones of identical T cells
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|
||||
| The most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of the capillary is | Blood colloid osmotic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n) | Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein
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|
||||
| The principal venous drainage of the thoracic organs is accomplished by way of | The azygos system
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|
||||
| The radial artery is lateral to the ulnar artery | True
🗑
|
||||
| The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is called | Inspiratory reserve volume
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|
||||
| Special lymphatic vessels called lacteals absorb dietary _________ that are not absorbed by the blood | Lipids
🗑
|
||||
| Generalized vasomotion can raise or lower blood pressure throughout the body | True
🗑
|
||||
| All of these increase blood pressure except | Atrial natriuretic peptide
🗑
|
||||
| ________ has the most important effect on blood velocity. | Vessel radius
🗑
|
||||
| The majority of T cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for the encounter with foreign antigens in | The lymphatic tissues
🗑
|
||||
| Helper T (TH) cells do not | Secrete fever-producing chemicals
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|
||||
| Vaccination stimulates | Artificial active immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has ___________ antigen-bonding site(s) | Two
🗑
|
||||
| Cytotoxic T cells respond only to antigens bound to MHC-I proteins | True
🗑
|
||||
| Carbon dioxide is transported by all of the following means except | Carbonate
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following does not have cilia? | Respiratory bronchioles
🗑
|
||||
| This is the longest vein, and portions of this vein are commonly used as grafts in coronary bypass surgery | The great saphenous vein
🗑
|
||||
| Antibodies do not | Differentiate into memory antibodies, which upon re-exposure to the same pathogen would mount a quicker attack
🗑
|
||||
| Vasomotion is associated with the presence of | Smooth muscle in the tunica media
🗑
|
||||
| Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called ________ and a vasodilator called ________. | Heparin; histamine
🗑
|
||||
| Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your respiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1200 mL. Your vital capacity is ________ mL. | 4700
(VC = IRV + TV + ERV)
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|
||||
| Increased capillary filtration, reduced reabsorption, or obstruction of lymphatic drainage can lead to edema. | True
🗑
|
||||
| The addition of CO2 to the blood generates ________ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen. | Hydrogen
🗑
|
||||
| This is the only lymphatic organ with afferent lymphatic vessels | Lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| One characteristic of the immune responses is specificity. This means that | Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen
🗑
|
||||
| Red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system | True
🗑
|
||||
| ________ have the thickest tunica media. | Large arteries
🗑
|
||||
| The maximum amount of air the lungs can contain is known as inspiratory capacity. | False (Total Lung Capacity)
🗑
|
||||
| Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa. | True
🗑
|
||||
| _________ states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases. | Dalton's law
🗑
|
||||
| The upper respiratory tract extends | From the nose through the larynx
🗑
|
||||
| _________ does not contribute to venous return. | Widespread vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| Interferons are secreted in response to bacterial infections. | False
🗑
|
||||
| Erythrocytes do not carry out aerobic respiration; thus, they do not consume any of the oxygen they are transporting. | True
🗑
|
||||
| Immune surveillance is a process in which ________ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and decreased host cells. | Natural killer (NK) cells
🗑
|
||||
| The ________ supplies 80% of the cerebrum. | Internal carotid artery
🗑
|
||||
| Congestive heart failure results in which of the following? | Ischemic hypoxia
🗑
|
||||
| The pleurae and pleural fluid help prevent the spread of pulmonary infection to the pericardium. | True
🗑
|
||||
| The velocity of blood flow decreases when | Viscosity increases
🗑
|
||||
| This is the class of immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn. | IgA
🗑
|
||||
| According to the Bohr effect, a low level of oxyhemoglobin enables the blood to transport more CO2. | False
🗑
|
||||
| This organ shows a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age. | Thymus
🗑
|
||||
| All of these increase blood pressure except | Atrial natriuretic peptide
🗑
|
||||
| A lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli is | Emphysema
🗑
|
||||
| _____________ are antimicrobial proteins | Interferons
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mean arterial pressure for a person with 110 and 65 mm Hg as systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively? | 80 mm Hg;
1/3(SBP-DBP)+DBP= or 1/3(110-65)+65=80
🗑
|
||||
| The three primary branches of the celiac trunk are the common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic veins | False
🗑
|
||||
| This is the first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation | Margination
🗑
|
||||
| Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is _______ mL/min. | 4200; (AVR = (500-150)x12 = 4200)
🗑
|
||||
| The vasomotor center of the _________ controls vessels throughout the body. | Medulla oblongata
🗑
|
||||
| The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates | Artificial passive immunity
🗑
|
||||
| ____________ shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary permeability. | Septic
🗑
|
||||
| ____________ is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation | Impaired use
🗑
|
||||
| Before B cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into | Plasma cells
🗑
|
||||
| All of the following can act as antigen-presenting cells except | T cells
🗑
|
||||
| The cerebral arterial circle ( circle of Willis) is | An anastomosis surrounding the pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| Most blood is in the | Veins
🗑
|
||||
| Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other | True
🗑
|
||||
| _________ would not increase capillary filtration. | Dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| A pyrogen is a substance that causes | Fever
🗑
|
||||
| The most important force driving filtration of the arterial end of a capillary is | Blood hydrostatic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? | It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators
🗑
|
||||
| Erythrocytes do not carry out aerobic respiration; thus, they do not consume any of the oxygen they are transporting. | True
🗑
|
||||
| These are all veins of the upper limb except | The great saphenous vein
🗑
|
||||
| ___________ has the most important effect on the blood velocity. | Vessel radius
🗑
|
||||
| The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the | Nasal fossae
🗑
|
||||
| Most tissue fluid is reabsorbed by the lymphatic system. | False
🗑
|
||||
| From superior to inferior, the major branches of the abdominal aorta are | Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries.
🗑
|
||||
| Antigen-presenting cells usually display processed antigens to T cells in | Liver
🗑
|
||||
| Thromboplastin | converts prothrombin into thrombin
🗑
|
||||
| Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except | hydrogen ions
🗑
|
||||
| List the 12 Cranial Nerves. | Olfactory (I), Optic (II), Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Trigenimal (V),Adbudens (VI), Facial (VII), Vestibulocochlear (VIII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII)
🗑
|
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