key terms
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| Agrarian | referring to the culture of agricultural communities and the type of tenure system that determines access to land and the kind of cultivation practices employed there.
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| Agribusiness | a set of economic and political relationships that organizes agro-food production from the development of seeds to the retailing and consumption of the agricultural product.
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| Agriculture | a science, an art, and a business directed at the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance and for profit.
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| Commercial agriculture | farming primarily for sale, not direct consumption.
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| Crop rotation | method of maintaining soil fertility in which the fields under cultivation remain the same, but the crop being planted is changed.
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| Famine | acute starvation associated with a sharp increase in mortality.
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| Fast food | edibles that can be prepared and served, very quickly, sold in a restaurant and than served to customers in packaged form.
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| Food security | a person, a household, or even a country has assured access to enough food at all times to ensure active and healthy lives.
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| Food sovereignty | the right of peoples, communities, and countries to define their own agricultural, labor, fishing, food, and land policies that are ecologically, socially, economically, & culturally appropriate to their unique circumstances.
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| Globalized agriculture | a system of food production increasingly dependent upon an economy and set of regulatory practices that are global in scope and organization.
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| Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) | any organism that has had its DNA modified in a lab rather than through cross-pollination or other forms of evolution.
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| Green revolution | the export of a technological package of fertilizers and high-yielding seeds, from the core to the periphery, to increase global agricultural productivity.
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| Hunting and Gathering | activities whereby people feed themselves through killing wild animals and fish and gathering fruit, roots, nuts, and other edible plants to sustain themselves.
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| Intensive Subsistence Agriculture | practice that involves the effective and efficient use ---- usually through a considerable expenditure of human labor & application of fertilizer --- of a small parcel of land in order to maximize crop yield.
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| Organic farming | any farming or animal husbandry that occurs without commercial fertilizers, synthetic pesticides or growth hormones.
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| Pastoralism | subsistence activity that involves the breeding and herding of animals to satisfy the human needs of food, shelter, and clothing.
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| Shifting cultivation | a system in which farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields within which cultivation occurs.
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| Slash-and-Burn | the system of cultivation in which plants are cropped close to the ground, left to dry for a period, and then ignited.
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| Subsistence agriculture | farming for direct consumption by the producers; not for sale.
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| Undernutrition | inadequate intake of one or more nutrients and/or calories.
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| Urban agriculture | the establishment or performance of agricultural practices in or near an urban or city-like setting.
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