Anatom I final key 1
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| study of the structure and organization of the human body | anatomy
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| Anatomy moving nutrients through the wall of the digestive tract to be taken to cells | Efferent.
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| cuts the body lengthwise from side to side: | Coronal plane
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| heavy, rounded physique: | endomorph
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| disease is native to a region | endemic
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| formed by transfer of electrons | ionic bond
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| ions with a positive charge | cations
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| “reservoirs” for H+ ions | cations
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| amino acids that cannot be produced by the human body | essential
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| have the following nucleotides: G, C, A, and T | DNA
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| elevated levels of CO2 | hypercapnia
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| “little organs” | organelles
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| DNA in non-dividing cells | chromatin
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| “spot welds” that hold adjacent cells together | desmosomes
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| solution with higher potential osmotic pressure | hypertonic
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| reduces activation energy needed to start a reaction | catalyst
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| does not require O2 | anaerobic
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| The correct order from the most complex to the simplest is | organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular.
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| Which skeletal system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? | skeletal muscle
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| The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed: | homeostasis.
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| Abdominopelvic regions | right hypochondriac, right inguinal region, left lumbar, left hypochondriac.
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| The right hypochondriac, right inguinal region, left lumbar, left hypochondriac are all | abdominopelvic regions.
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| The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are | the thoracic and abdominopelvic.
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| Visceral pericardium is located on | the heart itself.
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| The weakest bond between two atoms is | the hydrogen bond.
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| AB → A + B is | to decomposition.
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| A + B → AB | is to synthesis.
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| Carbohydrates are not an example | of an inorganic compound.
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| A base removes what kind of ions? | hydrogen ions.
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| an acid releases what kind of ions? | hydrogen ions.
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| When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis | a disaccharide is formed.
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| An amino acid is to a protein as a nucleotide is to a | nucleic acid.
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| The rough endoplasmic reticulum consists | of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes.
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| The Golgi apparatus does not sends what to the RER? | transport vesicles to the Rough Endoplasmioc Reticulum.
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| Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is not influenced | by hydrolysis of ATP.
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| The intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid is | called endocytosis.
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| A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates | phagocytosis.
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| In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, what does a exchange pump do? | one particular exchange pump ejects sodium ions from the cell and imports potassium ions.
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| The mouth is ______ to the chin. The mouth is ____to the nose. | 1. superior_ 2. _inferior_
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| The knee lies at the ¬¬_____end of the lower leg. The ankle lies at the ____of the lower leg. | _proximal_ 2. _distal_
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| The thumb is ¬¬¬¬____to the middle finger. The little finger is ____ to the middle finger. | 1. _lateral_. 2. _medial
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| List the FOUR major types of tissues found in the human body | 1. Epithelial. 2. Connective. 3. Muscle. 4. nervous
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| What are the FOUR basic components of homeostatic control mechanisms? | sensor mechanism, integration or control center, effector, feedback.
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| Give an example of a negative feedback control system: | air conditioner or body heat production (there are other acceptable answers).
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| Give an example of a positive feedback control system | child birth or blood clotting (there are other acceptable answers).
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| List the THREE levels of control seen throughout the body | intracellular, intrinsic, extrinsic.
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| Explain the difference between signs and symptoms. | signs: objective; can be measured by someone else. symptoms: can only be felt by patient; subjective.
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| What are the FOUR elements that make up 96% of all material in the human body? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
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| What are the THREE parts of an atom? | Protons, neutrons, electrons.
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| List the THREE important properties of water discussed in lecture. | efficient solvent/it is polar, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization.
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| What is a neutralization reaction? Give an example. | reaction between an acid and a base. HCl + NaOH (arrow) NaCl + H2O.
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| Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. | saturated: all available bonds are filled. Unsaturated: contains 1 or more double bonds.
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| What are the four levels of protein structure? Describe each level. | Primary: number, kind, and sequence of amino acids. SEcondary: amino acid chain, coiled or bent. Tertiary: structure folded into a globular shape. quarternary: more than 1 polypeptide 3° structure link together.
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| Describe the structure of plasma membranes and how they are held together. | phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic heads face outward and hydrophobic tails face inward. Held together by chemical attractions.
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| What is the function of ribosomes? | protein synthesis.
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| What is the function of lysosomes? | “digestive bag” or “garbage disposal.”
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| What is the function of proteasomes? | “protein destroyer”
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| Describe the structure of a mitochondrion. Where does ATP synthesis takes place? | 2 membranes; inner membrane folded into cristae. ATP synthesis occurs on inner, folded membrane.
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| What are the THREE cell fibers that make up the cytoskeleton? | Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.
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| List the TWO different types of membrane transport and explain the difference between the two. | passive: does not require cell energy. active: DOES require cell energy.
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| What would happen if red blood cells were put into a hypertonic solution? | cells will shrivel.
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| What would happen if red blood cells were put into a hypotonic solution? | cells will swell
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| What are the TWO different forms of endocytosis? | phagocytosis, pinocytosis.
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| What are the THREE chemical pathways that are involved in cellular respiration? | glycolysis, citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle), electron transport system (ETS).
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