K-9 Fel
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| Basic units of the endrocrine system: | Endocrine glands
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| Endocrine system messengers that travel trough the blood stream: | Hormone
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| The system that prohibits the production and release of hormone: | Negative feedback system
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| Hormones from the ___ gland are carried to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate or inhibit pituitary hormones | Hypothalamus
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| What 2 hormone make up thyroid hormone? | *T-3:Triiodothyronine
*T-4:Thyroxine
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| A deficiency in thyroid hormone: | Hypothyroidism
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| A excess of thyroid hormone: | Hyperthyroidism
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| The adrenal glands are associated with what organ? | Kidneys
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| The adrenal cortex produces hormones broke into these 3 groups: | *Glucocorticoid *mneralcorticoid *androgenic
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| A condition from excess glucocorticoid hormone: | Hyperadrenocorticism (cushings Dz)
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| A condition from a deficiency in adrenocortical hormone: | Hypoadrenocorticism (addisons Dz)
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| 2 hormones that are produced by pancrease that control the metabolism of glucose: | *Insulin *glucogon
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| A deficiency in insulin results in what Dz? | Diabetes mellitis
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| The gland that regulates blood calcium levels: | parathyroid
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| Negative feedback system is affected by direct stimulation of ______ | Nervous system
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| What is the most common endocrine deficiency in cats? | Hyperthyroidism
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| What is the most common endocrine deficiency in dogs? | Hypothyroidism
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| what sex/age is most predisposed to Hypothyroidism? | Femal dogs between 4-9yrs
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| How many thyroid and parathyroid glands are there? | *2 thyroid *4 parathyroid
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| Def: T3 | Triiodothyronine
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| Def:T4 | Thyroxine
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| Decrease in blood calcium: | Hypocalcemia
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| What is the primary hormone the thyroid gland produces? | Calcitonin
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| TSH is released from the____ gland | Pituitary
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| A blood sample may appear ____ in color in hypothyroid patients | Hyperlipemic
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| ____ is a decrease in T4 | Hypothyroid
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| ____ will cause increase calcium loss from bone | hypothyroidism
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| What 2 Anticonvulsants drugs can cause a decrease in T4? | Phenobarbitol and Diazapam
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| What breed naturally has low T4 levels? | Greyhound
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| What is the name of the thyroid hormone replacement supplement? | Name: L-thyroxine (soloxine)
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| What is the name of the medication used to treat Hyperthyroidism? | Name:Tapazole (methimazole)
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| What is the test name used to diagnose thyroid conditions? | Free T4
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| ___ is a non cancerous gland and ____ is an invasive form of cancer | *adenoma *carcinoma
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| What hormone stimulates the parathyroid gland? | TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone
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| Normal range of PTH IN K-9/Fel: | K-9: 20pg/ml
Fel: 17pg/ml
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| What is the normal blood calcium range? | 8-10ml/dl
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| ____ and ___ are a cause of decreased blood calcium | *Milk fever *Eclampsia
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| Vitamin D is normally activated where? | In the kidneys
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| ___ is the main function of the pancreas | Endocrine (digestive enzymes)
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| Endocrine functions- islet of langerhans: | *Alpha cells *beta cells *delta cells
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| Insulin: | Lowers blood glucose
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| Glucogon: | Raises blood glucose
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| Normal ranges for blood glucose: | K-9:60-120mg/dl
Fel:70-150mg/dl
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| Type 1 diabetes is ____ on insulin | dependent
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| Type 2 diabetes is ___ on insulin | non dependent
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| Dogs are ___% type __ and felines are ___ % Type __ when it comes to diabetes | k-9:100% type 1
Fel:50-50 type 1 and 2
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| ___ dogs are more likely affected with Diabetes mellitus and ____ Felines are more likely affected | *female *male
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| Hyperglycemia devolopes when BG reaches: | K-9:180-220mg/dl
Fel:200-280mg/dl
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| ____ can be a result of glaucoma caused by diabetes | cataracts
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| what confirmation defect does diabetes cause in cats? | Plantar posture
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| Insulin normally inhibits: | Lipolysis and gluconeogenisis
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| What will you typically see in a UA with uncontrolled diabetic patients? | Glucose + ketones
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| The kidney start releasing ___ when BG reaches 200mg/dl | ketones
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| Fast acting insulin used for emergencies: | Humulin R
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| Intermediate acting insulin for twice daily home use: | Humulin N
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| Long acting for at home use: | PZI (Idexx)
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| oral hypoglycemic for k-9 and Fel: | k-9:Acarbose
Fel:Glipizide
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| Tumor of beta cell- excretes excess insulin: | Insulinoma
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| Decreased BG and Increased Insulin are indicative of: | Insulinoma
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| What is the quickest way to administer sugar substances to increase blood sugar at home? | On the MM or sublingual
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| Inability to process nutrients due to the lack of pancreatic enzymes: | EPI: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
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| EPI is not usually evident until ___% of the pancreas is damaged | 85-90%
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| What test is used to detect EPI? | TLI: Trypsin-like immunoreactivity
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| Alpha cells release: | Glucogon
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| Beta cells release: | insulin
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| Delta cells release: | somaton
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| Zona Glomerulosa releases: | mineralocorticoid
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| Zona faciculata releases: | Glucocorticoids
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| Zona Reticularis release: | androgens
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| Adrenal medulla releases: | Norepinephrine
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| what are the 2 main causes for cushings Dz? | *adrenal pituitary lesions (85%)
*adrenal tumor 15-20%
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| What sex/age are more predisposed to cushing's Dz? | Female dogs >6yrs
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| What are the 2 diagnostic tests for Cushing's? | *ACTH Stimulation test *Low Dexmethasone suppression test
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| Hypothalumus releases: | *CRF: Corticotropin releasing factor
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| Anterior pituitary gland releases: | ACTH:Adrenocorticotropin Hormone
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| Andrenal cortex releases: | Glucocorticoids
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| Process of hormone stimulation from Hypothalumus: | Hypothalumus stimulates>> Anterior pituitary-stimulates>> Adenal cortex
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| Sex Hormone: | Androgen
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| Bodies natural steroid hormones: | mineralcorticoids
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| result of Over medication with glucocorticoids: | Iatrogenic
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