Raczkowski- Plants
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| Nonvascular plant | have no pipes to transport water and nutrients
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| Nonvascular plant | depend on diffusion and osmosis to move materials from one part of the plant to another
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| Vascular plants | have tissues that deliver needed material to their cells
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| Gymnosperms | a plant that produces seeds, but no flowers
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| Angiosperms | a plant that produces seeds in flowers
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| Pollen | the dustlike particles that carry the male gametophyte of seed plants
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| Pollination | the transfer of pollen to the female cone in conifers or to the stigma in angiosperms
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| Cotyledon | a seed leaf inside a seed
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| Xylem | a specialized plant tissue that transports water and minerals from one part of the plant to another
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| Phloem | a specialized plant tissue that transports sugar molecules from one part of the plant to another
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| Sepal | the leaflike structures that cover and protect an immature flower
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| Petal | the often colorful structures on a flower that are usually involved in attracting pollinators
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| Stamen | the male reproductive structure in a flower that consists of a filament topped by a pollen-producing anther
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| Pistil | the female reproductive structures in a flower that consists of a stigma, a style, and an ovary
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| Stigma | the flower part that is located at the tip of the pistil
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| Ovary | in flowers, the structure containing ovules that will develop into fruit following fertilization
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| Dormant | describes an inactive state of a seed
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| Chlorophyll | a green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
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| Stomata | openings in the epidermis and cuticle of a leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf
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| Tropism | a change in the growth of a plant in response to a stimulus
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| Phototropism | a change in the growth of a plant in response to light
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| Gravitropism | a change in the growth of a plant in response to gravity
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| Sporophyte | a stage in a plant life cycle during which spores are produced.
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| Gametophyte | a stage in a plant life cycle during which eggs and sperm are produced
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| Rhizoid | small, hairlike threads of cells that help hold nonvascular plants in place
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| Rhizome | the underground stem of a fern
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| Transpiration | the loss of water from plant leaves through openings called stomata
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| Cellular respiration | the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water
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