wcc resp term 2
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| respiratory system | pulmonary; breathing; ventilation
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| respiratory function | gas exchange
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| external respiration | gas ex btw alveoli and capillaries
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| internal respiration | gas ex btw the capillaries and tissue
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| Upper resp | between external env and glottis
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| lower resp | glottis to alveoli; neck and thorax
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| palate | roof of mouth; hard palate rostra; soft palate caudal to hard palate
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| epiglottis | small flap of tiss in fron of the opening to trachea
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| larynx | voice box or glottis opening to trachea
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| arytenoid cartilages | landmark for intubation; locat on either side of tracheal open
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| trachea | passageway to the lungs; surrounded by cartilaginous rings
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| Thoracic inlet | where the trachea and bronchi meet and branch; never pass edotracheal tube beyond; ext sternum and first pair of ribs
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| bronchi | air passages into the lungs connects trachea to broncholies
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| bronchioles | smaller passegways into alveoli
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| alveoli | functional part of the lungs
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| Lungs | made up of alveoli and broncholies
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| lung function | gas exchange; body temp; fluid (snzzng; cghng)
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| Left lobes | 2 lobes
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| right lobes | 4 lobes
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| pleura | epithelim lines the thorax and covers the lungs
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| pleura made of | squamous epitherlial tissue
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| p. function | visceral; surronds; parietal lines the thoracic cavity
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| thoracic cavity | contains the lungs heart and bronchi
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| mediastinum | space btwn pleura near the median plan; contains heart; esophagus, trachea aorta and thymus
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| diaphragm | caudal border of the thoracic cavity
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| Internal and external intercostals | rib
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| ventilation | thoracic cavity under neg pressure
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| inspiration | glottis opens and thorax incr, causing air to enter
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| expiration | glottis opens and thorax decr forcing air out
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| sighing/bagging | Prevents collapse (atelectasis) 5-10 unless long procedure or ventral
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| TV | tot vol inspired or expirered during normal resp
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| TV calc | KG * 10-15ml/kg (KG)
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| Vital | tot func capacity
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| Anatomical dead sp | space from the nose to the aveoli
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| physilogical dead sp | anatomical + volume of air in any alveoli that are not being used/not wrkg
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| mechanical dead sp | space from endotracheal tub from mouth until tank
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| dead space | space w/in respiratory sys that contains air that is not involved in gas exch
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| gas exchange | occurs in alveoli;CO2/O2 diffusion
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| hypoventilation | buildup of co2 hypercapnia results in acidosis
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| hyperventilation | exhaling more co2 then normal; hypocapnia; alkalosis
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| chemical stimuli | level of CO2 in bld -> hydrogen ion ->oxygen
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| crackles | intermitten sharp dry snds csd by sudden opening of an airway
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| decr lung snds | absence or muffling; lung consolidation
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| wheezes (rales) | long whistling; air pssg thru narrow airways; asthma
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| stridor | lound raspy snds; upper airway/trachea; partial upper airway obstruction
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| agonal breathing | prior to death
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| Chylothorax | chyle(lymph) in the chest cavity
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| hemothorax | bld in the chest cavity
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| hydrothorax | water in the chest cavity
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| pneumothorax | air in the throax; puncture wound
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| pyothorax | pus in chest cavity
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| atelectasis | lung collaspe
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| cyanosis | bluish mucous memb
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| hypoxia | reduced oxy
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| pneumonia | inflmmation of lungs
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| pulmonary edema | accum of fluid in lungs
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| pleurisy/pleuritis | infammation of the pleura(lining)
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| PExam | ausculation/percussion/radiography/thoracocentesis/transtracheal wash/pulse oximetry
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| epistaxis | nose bleed
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| rhinitis | inflammation of nasal pssge/ bacterial/viral/fungal/parasites/mechnaical/allegic
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| sinitus; Dz | running nose; swollen face; runny eyes
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| pharryngeal disorders | paralysis; pharyngitis (strep (strangels)
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| laryngeal disorders | spasm/stenosis (laryns scars)paralysis/laryngitis/de-barking
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| tracheal disorders | tracheitis/stenosis (ex inflation of tube cuff); collapse (toy breeds)
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| neoplasia | tumors
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| pneumothorax | sucking chest wound
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| pleural infusion | blood/pus/fluid/lymphy (chyl)
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| flail chest | trauma (HBC)
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary dz
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| COPD dz | inflammation of lung tiss/results in scarring heaves
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| emphyseama | inelasticity of lungs due to scarring and chronic inflamm air is trapped in lungs
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| pneumonia | alveioli become flooded with liq and cellular debris
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| Pulmonary edema | accum of tiss fluid in the air sacs (alveoli) CHF/Electrocution/smoke inhal/heat stroke/anaphylaxis
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| pulmonary thromboembolism | blood clots lead to tissue necrosis
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| Infect Dz | Viral/baterial/fungal/parasites
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| influenza | viral
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| coccidiomycosis | vally fever/fungal
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| Shpping fever | bovine respiratory dz/bacteria/pasteurella
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| neoplasia dz | pulmonary adenocarcinoma
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| expertorants | control excrec/thing mucus
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| mucolyhtics | break down mucus
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| antimicrobials | antibacterial/fungal/protozoal
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| anti-inflammators | reduce inflammation
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| cough suppressors; central acting | butorphanol tartrate/torbugesic; hydorcodone bitartrate/codeine; dextromethorphan/ robitussion
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| cough supp; local | demulcents; benzocain/cetocain
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| anticholinergics | brochodilators; atropine, glycopyrrolate
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| antihistamines | brochodilators; benadryl/diphenhydramin; sudaphed/chlorpheniramine; tavist/clemastine
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| beta-2 adrenergic agonist | epeinephrin; albuterol (ventolin); terbulatine (brethine)
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| diurectics | pulmonary edeama; furosemide (lasix)
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